缅甸掸邦南部五个少数民族社区对榕属植物（榕属）的使用。

The uses of fig (Ficus) by five ethnic minority communities in Southern Shan State, Myanmar.

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

出版信息

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2020 Sep 17;16(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13002-020-00406-z.

DOI:10.1186/s13002-020-00406-z

PMID:32943080

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7500007/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Most regions of Myanmar fall within the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot and are threatened with biodiversity loss. Development of a comprehensive framework for sustainable development is crucial. Figs are ecological keystone species within these regions and are also important for traditional spiritual food and health uses, which often have accompanying conservation practices. The traditional use and management of figs may offer clues to help guide the development of national policies for sustainable development. In this study, we showcase the rich ethnobotanical knowledge as well as the variety of collection and conservation practices of figs among five ethnic groups in Southern Shan State.

METHODS

We performed both key informant and semi-structured interviews with 114 informants from five ethnic groups. Their uses for figs were categorized according to local practices and recipes. Informants were asked about trends in conservation status over the past 10 years and any conservation-related customs and practices. Data were analyzed quantitatively with common quantitative ethnobotany indices, the use report (UR) and use value (UV).

RESULTS

Informants reported the uses of eight fig species (Ficus auricularta, F. concinna, F. geniculata, F. hispida, F. racemosa, F. religiosa, F. semicordata, and F. virens). F. geniculata and F. virens were most useful (UR = 228) and were used by all five ethnic groups, corresponding to a high use value (UV = 2). Treatments for 16 diseases were reported from seven species. Household consumption, economic and sacred uses were accompanied by sustainable practices of harvest and protection. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation were common especially for highly demanded species (F. geniculata and F. virens) and the sacred fig F. religiosa.

CONCLUSION

Findings suggest that figs are useful for food (all informants) and medicine (13.16% of the informants) in the study area. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation practices help to maintain sustainable utilization of locally important figs. This is an early contribution to the traditional knowledge of edible figs. Although similar uses have been reported in neighboring countries for seven of the fig species, the ethnobotanical use of F. concinna is novel.

摘要

背景

缅甸大部分地区位于印度-缅甸生物多样性热点地区，生物多样性面临丧失的威胁。制定全面的可持续发展框架至关重要。无花果树是这些地区的生态关键物种，也是传统精神食品和健康用途的重要组成部分，这些用途通常伴随着保护实践。无花果树的传统利用和管理可能为指导国家可持续发展政策的制定提供线索。在这项研究中，我们展示了掸邦南部五个民族丰富的民族植物学知识，以及收集和保护无花果树的各种做法。

方法

我们对来自五个民族的 114 名受访者进行了关键知情人和半结构化访谈。根据当地做法和食谱对无花果树的用途进行了分类。询问了受访者过去 10 年保护状况的趋势，以及任何与保护相关的习俗和做法。使用常见的定量民族植物学指标（用途报告 UR 和用途值 UV）对数据进行了定量分析。

结果

受访者报告了八种无花果树种（Ficus auricularta、F. concinna、F. geniculata、F. hispida、F. racemosa、F. religiosa、F. semicordata 和 F. virens）的用途。F. geniculata 和 F. virens 最有用（UR=228），被五个民族都使用，对应的用途值 UV=2。从七个物种中报告了 16 种疾病的治疗方法。家庭消费、经济和神圣用途伴随着可持续的收获和保护措施。传统禁忌、就地和迁地保护在高度需求的物种（F. geniculata 和 F. virens）和神圣的无花果树 F. religiosa 中很常见。