Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
Heart Lung Circ. 2021 Feb;30(2):233-239. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
Programmability is a stable, reversible change in the operating parameters of a cardiac implantable electronic device. The era of non-invasive programming began in 1972, with the development of a dedicated hand-held battery-operated device. Prior to this, there had been crude attempts, involving invasive procedures or a magnet, to change the pacemaker operating parameters. A non-invasive programming system requires an implanted pulse generator and an external programmer, communicating via an energy link. This was initially a pulsed magnetic field allowing opening and closing of a reed switch in the pulse generator in synchrony with the pulses. Soon after, radiofrequency communication was introduced and involved transmission of pulsing on-off radiofrequency bursts, which allowed complex encoding, that recognised the implanted hardware, prevented mis-programming, had security features and confirmed successful programming. As programming became more complex and sophisticated, programmers evolved into desktop models with programming wands and printers. By 1978, multiprogrammable programmers with bidirectional telemetry were introduced and became a driving force in the development of new cardiac implantable technologies and devices.
程控是心脏植入式电子设备运行参数的一种稳定、可逆转的改变。1972 年，随着专用手持式电池供电设备的开发，非侵入式程控时代开始了。在此之前，曾有过一些粗糙的尝试，包括侵入性程序或使用磁铁来改变起搏器的运行参数。非侵入式程控系统需要一个植入式脉冲发生器和一个外部编程器，通过能量链路进行通信。最初，这是一个脉冲磁场，允许在脉冲发生器中的磁簧开关打开和关闭，与脉冲同步。不久之后，引入了射频通信，涉及到脉冲式开-关射频脉冲的传输，这允许复杂的编码，识别植入的硬件，防止误编程，具有安全功能，并确认编程成功。随着编程变得更加复杂和先进，编程器演变成带有编程棒和打印机的台式模型。到 1978 年，具有双向遥测功能的多程控编程器被引入，并成为推动新的心脏植入式技术和设备发展的动力。
