Current Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors and Nanobiosensors.

Electrochemical biosensors have wider interest in the last decades than other analytical techniques such as chromatography, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, migration techniques and flow systems. Since they provide practicality, sensitivity, and fast response, these systems can be integrated with labs-on-chips to obtain excellent point of care analytical platforms. They are excellent devices for wide range of analytes such as drugs, proteins, markers, bacteria, and viruses etc. due to their unique features. Electrochemical methods are also successful at molecular recognition, user friendliness, sensitive responses, requirement of small volume reactive of reagents, low cost, and applicability to point of care tests. DNA, enzyme and immunosensor based biosensors are widely used as well. According to recent studies of electrochemical biosensors, nanomaterials and polymers have been used to increase the performance of biosensors. In this review, the recent studies of electrochemical biosensors have been presented with their applications at various fields.