Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Sep 18;11(9):1088. doi: 10.3390/genes11091088.
Food consumption allows the entrance of bacteria and their antibiotic resistance (AR) genes into the human oral cavity. To date, very few studies have examined the influence of diet on the composition of the salivary microbiota, and even fewer investigations have specifically aimed to assess the impact of different long-term diets on the salivary resistome. In this study, the saliva of 144 healthy omnivores, ovo-lacto-vegetarians, and vegans were screened by nested PCR for the occurrence of 12 genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, vancomycin, and β-lactams. The (W), (M), and (B) genes occurred with the highest frequencies. Overall, no effect of diet on AR gene distribution was seen. Some differences emerged at the recruiting site level, such as the higher frequency of (C) in the saliva of the ovo-lacto-vegetarians and omnivores from Bologna and Turin, respectively, and the higher occurrence of (K) in the saliva of the omnivores from Bologna. A correlation of the intake of milk and cheese with the abundance of (K) and (C) genes was seen. Finally, when the occurrence of the 12 AR genes was evaluated along with geographical location, age, and sex as sources of variability, high similarity among the 144 volunteers was seen.
食物的摄入使细菌及其抗生素耐药性（AR）基因进入人类口腔。迄今为止，很少有研究考察饮食对唾液微生物群落组成的影响，而专门评估不同长期饮食对唾液耐药组的影响的研究则更少。在这项研究中，通过巢式 PCR 筛选了 144 名健康杂食者、乳蛋素食者和素食者的唾液，以检测 12 种赋予四环素、大环内酯类-林可酰胺-链阳性菌素 B、万古霉素和β-内酰胺类耐药性的基因。（W）、（M）和（B）基因的发生频率最高。总体而言，饮食对 AR 基因分布没有影响。在招募地点水平上出现了一些差异，例如，在来自博洛尼亚和都灵的乳蛋素食者和杂食者的唾液中（C）基因的频率较高，而在来自博洛尼亚的杂食者的唾液中（K）基因的发生率较高。摄入牛奶和奶酪与（K）和（C）基因的丰度相关。最后，当将 12 种 AR 基因的发生情况与地理位置、年龄和性别作为变异性来源进行评估时，144 名志愿者之间具有很高的相似性。
