The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 11;8(1):5847. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24207-3.
Little is known about the effect of long-term diet patterns on the composition and functional potential of the human salivary microbiota. In the present study, we sought to contribute to the ongoing elucidation of dietary effects on the oral microbial community by examining the diversity, composition and functional potential of the salivary microbiota in 160 healthy vegans and omnivores using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We further sought to identify bacterial taxa in saliva associated with host inflammatory markers. We show that compositional differences in the salivary microbiota of vegans and omnivores is present at all taxonomic levels below phylum level and includes upper respiratory tract commensals (e.g. Neisseria subflava, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Rothia mucilaginosa) and species associated with periodontal disease (e.g. Campylobacter rectus and Porphyromonas endodontalis). Dietary intake of medium chain fatty acids, piscine mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary fibre was associated with bacterial diversity, community structure, as well as relative abundance of several species-level operational taxonomic units. Analysis of imputed genomic potential revealed several metabolic pathways differentially abundant in vegans and omnivores indicating possible effects of macro- and micro-nutrient intake. We also show that certain oral bacteria are associated with the systemic inflammatory state of the host.
关于长期饮食模式对人类唾液微生物群落的组成和功能潜力的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们通过使用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序，检查了 160 名健康素食者和杂食者的唾液微生物群落的多样性、组成和功能潜力，旨在为正在进行的饮食对口腔微生物群落影响的研究做出贡献。我们还试图确定与宿主炎症标志物相关的口腔细菌分类群。我们表明，素食者和杂食者唾液微生物群落的组成差异存在于门以下的所有分类水平，包括上呼吸道共生菌（如 Neisseria subflava、Haemophilus parainfluenzae 和 Rothia mucilaginosa）和与牙周病相关的物种（如 Campylobacter rectus 和 Porphyromonas endodontalis）。中链脂肪酸、鱼类单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸以及膳食纤维的饮食摄入与细菌多样性、群落结构以及几个种水平操作分类单位的相对丰度有关。推测基因组潜在功能的分析显示，素食者和杂食者中存在几种差异丰富的代谢途径，表明宏量和微量营养素摄入可能有影响。我们还表明，某些口腔细菌与宿主的全身炎症状态有关。
