Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil.
School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2021 Sep-Oct;40(7):624-631. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1814899. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
The impact of the rotation between different shifts and free days within a short period of time on the food consumption is poorly addressed in the literature. Our objective was to characterize the eating duration (ED) over 10 d of clockwise rotating and to associate it with the intake of energy and macronutrients.
Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated over a complete rotation shift schedule of 10 consecutive days (2 d of morning shifts, 2 d of afternoon shifts, 24 h free-day, 2 d of night shifts, and three free days). ED was defined as the interval between the first meal after awaking and last meal before sleep onset. Sleep/wake periods and food intake were evaluated by actigraphy and 24 h recalls, respectively. Generalized models were used to analyze the variation in ED and its association with nutrient intake over the shift schedule.
ED periods showed significant variations throughout shift rotation and were associated with energy intake. The highest energy intake (3410 ± 235 kcal) and longest ED (20.7 ± 1.2 h) were found on Day 5, the day between afternoon and night shifts, and a part of Day 6 (night shift), i.e., in the longest period of wakefulness and the shortest sleep duration (4.7 ± 0.3 h) ( < 0.05 for all). The lowest energy intake (1284 ± 125 kcal) and shortest ED (4.96 ± 0.7 h) ( < 0.05) occurred after the last night shift (Day 7). The balance between the percentage of macronutrients did not differ statistically between the ED periods.
In general, longer periods of wakefulness showed greater energy intake, demonstrating the tendency of workers to eat around the clock during their shift. Even with the energy intake variation, the balance of macronutrients remained the same over the ED periods. Despite the need of confirmation in future studies, these results suggest that the management of ED period could be considered in the nutritional approach of shift workers.
在短时间内不同班次和休息日之间的轮换对食物消耗的影响在文献中描述甚少。我们的目的是描述顺时针轮转 10 天内的进食持续时间（ED），并将其与能量和宏量营养素的摄入相关联。
对来自一家矿业公司的 30 名男性倒班工人进行了为期 10 天的连续轮转班次（2 天早班、2 天下午班、24 小时休息日、2 天夜班和 3 天休息日）的评估。ED 定义为从醒来后的第一餐到睡前的最后一餐之间的间隔。睡眠/觉醒期和食物摄入量分别通过活动记录仪和 24 小时回顾进行评估。使用广义模型分析 ED 变化及其与轮班期间营养摄入的关联。
ED 时段在轮转过程中呈现出显著变化，并与能量摄入相关。在下午班和夜班之间的第 5 天（第 6 天的一部分，即最长的清醒期和最短的睡眠时间（4.7 ± 0.3 小时）（所有时间点均 < 0.05）时，能量摄入最高（3410 ± 235 kcal）和 ED 最长（20.7 ± 1.2 小时）。在最后一个夜班（第 7 天）后，能量摄入最低（1284 ± 125 kcal）和 ED 最短（4.96 ± 0.7 小时）（所有时间点均 < 0.05）。ED 期间宏量营养素的百分比之间没有统计学差异。
总的来说，较长的清醒期显示出更高的能量摄入，表明工人在轮班期间有昼夜进食的趋势。即使能量摄入存在变化，ED 期间宏量营养素的平衡仍保持不变。尽管需要在未来的研究中得到证实，但这些结果表明，在倒班工人的营养方法中可以考虑 ED 时段的管理。
