Kleinow K M, Melancon M J, Lech J J
Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Apr;71:105-19. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8771105.
Biotransformation of xenobiotics in fish occurs by many of the same reactions as in mammals. These reactions have been shown to affect the bioaccumulation, persistence, residue dynamics, and toxicity of select chemicals in fish. P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity of fish can be induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but phenobarbital-type agents induce poorly, if at all. Fish monooxygenase activity exhibits ideal temperature compensation and sex-related variation. Induction of monooxygenase activity by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can result in qualitative as well as quantitative changes in the metabolic profile of a chemical. Induction can also alter toxicity. In addition, multiple P-450 isozymes have been described for several fish species. The biotransformation products of certain chemicals have been related to specific P-450 isozymes, and the formation of these products can be influenced by induction. Exposure of fish to low levels of certain environmental contaminants has resulted in induction of specific monooxygenase activities and monitoring of such activities has been suggested as a means of identifying areas of pollutant exposure in the wild.
鱼类对外源化学物的生物转化过程与哺乳动物有许多相同的反应。这些反应已被证明会影响鱼类体内特定化学物质的生物累积、持久性、残留动态和毒性。鱼类的P-450依赖单加氧酶活性可被多环芳烃诱导，但苯巴比妥类药物诱导效果不佳，甚至根本无法诱导。鱼类单加氧酶活性表现出理想的温度补偿和与性别相关的变化。多环芳烃对单加氧酶活性的诱导可导致化学物质代谢谱的质和量的变化。诱导还可改变毒性。此外，已描述了几种鱼类的多种P-450同工酶。某些化学物质的生物转化产物与特定的P-450同工酶有关，这些产物的形成可受诱导影响。鱼类接触低水平的某些环境污染物会导致特定单加氧酶活性的诱导，有人建议监测此类活性作为识别野外污染物暴露区域的一种手段。
