Lech J J, Bend J R
Environ Health Perspect. 1980 Feb;34:115-31. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8034115.
Many of the biotransformation reactions which have been described for xenobiotic substances in mammals have been demonstrated in fish in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Several of these biotransformation reactions have been shown to occur in fish at rates which are sufficient to have significant effects on the toxicity and residue dynamics of selected chemicals. Inhibition of these reactions can lead to increased toxicity and bioaccumulation factors for certain chemicals. Several classes of compounds, including some polychlorinated biphenyls, are metabolized slowly, and their disposition in fish may not be influenced to any great extent by biotransformation. Metabolites of compounds which are biotransformed rapidly may appear in certain fish tissues, and in many instances these are not accounted for by conventional residue analysis methods. Microsomal mixed-function oxidases in several species of fish have been demonstrated to be induced by specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and by exposure of fish to crude oil. Induction of these enzymes in fish can result in both qualitative and quantitative differences in the metabolic disposition of xenobiotics to which fish are exposed.
在哺乳动物中已被描述的许多外源性物质的生物转化反应，在鱼类的体外和体内实验中均已得到证实。其中一些生物转化反应在鱼类中的发生速率足以对某些化学物质的毒性和残留动态产生显著影响。抑制这些反应可能会导致某些化学物质的毒性增加和生物累积因子升高。几类化合物，包括一些多氯联苯，代谢缓慢，它们在鱼类中的分布可能在很大程度上不受生物转化的影响。快速生物转化的化合物的代谢产物可能会出现在某些鱼类组织中，在许多情况下，传统的残留分析方法无法检测到这些代谢产物。已证明几种鱼类中的微粒体混合功能氧化酶可被特定的多环芳烃以及鱼类接触原油所诱导。鱼类中这些酶的诱导可导致鱼类接触的外源性物质在代谢分布上出现质和量的差异。
