Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2020 Oct;284:102246. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102246. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
The unique silver properties, especially in the form of nanoparticles (NPs), allow to utilize them in numerous applications. For instance, Ag NPs can be utilized for the production of electronic and solar energy harvesting devices, in advanced analytical techniques (NALDI, SERS), catalysis and photocatalysis. Moreover, the Ag NPs can be useful in medicine for bioimaging, biosensing as well as in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. The Ag NPs utilization requires comprehensive knowledge about their features regarding the synthesis approaches as well as exploitation conditions. Unfortunately, a large number of scientific articles provide only restricted information according to the objects under investigation. Additionally, the results could be affected by artifacts introduced with exploited equipment, the utilized technique or sample preparation stages. However, it is rather difficult to get information about problems, which may occur during the studies. Thus, the review provides information about novel trends in the Ag NPs synthesis, among which the physical, chemical, and biological approaches can be found. Basic information about approaches for the control of critical parameters of NPs, i.e. size and shape, was also revealed. It was shown, that the reducing agent, stabilizer, the synthesis environment, including trace ions, have a direct impact on the Ag NPs properties. Further, the capabilities of modern analytical techniques for Ag NPs and nanocomposites investigations were shown, among other microscopic (optical, TEM, SEM, STEM, AFM), spectroscopic (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, electron spectroscopy, XRD), spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS, SIMS, ICP-MS), and separation (CE, FFF, gel electrophoresis) techniques were described. The limitations and possible artifacts of the techniques were mentioned. A large number of presented techniques is a distinguishing feature, which makes the review different from others. Finally, the physicochemical and biological properties of Ag NPs were demonstrated. It was shown, that Ag NPs features are dependent on their basic parameters, such as size, shape, chemical composition, etc. At the end of the review, the modern theories of the Ag NPs toxic mechanism were shown in a way that has never been presented before. The review should be helpful for scientists in their own studies, as it can help to prepare experiments more carefully.
银的独特性质，特别是以纳米粒子（NPs）的形式，使其在许多应用中得到了广泛的应用。例如，Ag NPs 可用于生产电子和太阳能收集装置、先进的分析技术（NALDI、SERS）、催化和光催化。此外，Ag NPs 在医学上可用于生物成像、生物传感以及抗菌和抗癌治疗。Ag NPs 的应用需要全面了解其合成方法和应用条件的特性。不幸的是，大量的科学文章只提供了有限的信息，这些信息是针对研究对象的。此外，研究结果可能会受到所使用的设备、技术或样品制备阶段引入的伪影的影响。然而，很难获取研究过程中可能出现的问题的信息。因此，本综述提供了有关 Ag NPs 合成新趋势的信息，其中包括物理、化学和生物方法。还揭示了控制 NPs 关键参数（即尺寸和形状）的方法的基本信息。结果表明，还原剂、稳定剂、包括痕量离子在内的合成环境对 Ag NPs 的性质有直接影响。进一步展示了现代分析技术在 Ag NPs 和纳米复合材料研究中的应用，包括显微镜技术（光学显微镜、TEM、SEM、STEM、AFM）、光谱技术（UV-Vis、IR、拉曼、NMR、电子能谱、XRD）、光谱技术（MALDI-TOF MS、SIMS、ICP-MS）和分离技术（CE、FFF、凝胶电泳）。还提到了技术的局限性和可能的伪影。大量呈现的技术是本综述的一个显著特点，使其与其他综述不同。最后，展示了 Ag NPs 的物理化学和生物学性质。结果表明，Ag NPs 的特性取决于其基本参数，如尺寸、形状、化学组成等。在综述的最后，以一种以前从未呈现过的方式展示了 Ag NPs 毒性机制的现代理论。本综述将有助于科学家在自己的研究中，因为它可以帮助更仔细地准备实验。
