Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb 1;109(2):361-368. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy275.
Accumulating evidence suggests that higher Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence is associated with higher global cognitive performance and brain structural integrity as well as decreased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).
We directly examined cross-sectional associations between the MedDiet and cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes associated with AD and VaD (separately) in a cohort of nondemented, nondepressed older adults.
Community-dwelling older adults (n = 82; aged ∼68.8 y; 50% female, 50% minority) underwent dietary (Block Food Frequency Questionnaire 2005) and neuropsychological assessments and neuroimaging. MedDiet scores were quantified with the use of published criteria, and participants were divided into High and Low (median split) adherence groups. We focused our neuropsychological investigation on cognitive phenotypes primarily associated with AD [i.e., learning and memory (L&M)] and VaD (i.e., information processing and executive functioning). AD neuroimaging phenotypes consisted of hippocampal and dentate gyrus volumes quantified using T1-weighted images and the FreeSurfer 6.0 segmentation pipeline (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu). The VaD neuroimaging phenotype consisted of total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes quantified using combined T1-weighted and T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Neuroimaging metrics were adjusted for total intracranial volume. Separate multivariable linear regression models controlling for age, sex, education, body mass index, and caloric intake examined the associations between MedDiet groups (High compared with Low) and cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes.
When compared with the Low MedDiet group, the High MedDiet group was associated with better L&M performance and larger dentate gyri. MedDiet adherence was not associated with information processing, executive functioning, or WMH.
Results highlight the association between increasing MedDiet adherence and specific cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes that, when altered, are associated with AD.
越来越多的证据表明，较高的地中海饮食（MedDiet）依从性与更高的整体认知表现和大脑结构完整性有关，并且降低了阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VaD）的风险。
我们直接在一组无痴呆、无抑郁的老年非住院患者中检查了 MedDiet 与 AD 和 VaD 相关的认知和神经影像学表型（分别）之间的横断面关联。
社区居住的老年人（n=82；年龄约 68.8 岁；50%为女性，50%为少数民族）接受了饮食（使用 2005 年版 Block 食物频率问卷）和神经心理学评估以及神经影像学检查。使用已发表的标准量化 MedDiet 评分，参与者分为高和低（中位数分割）依从性组。我们的神经心理学研究集中在主要与 AD [即学习和记忆（L&M）]和 VaD（即信息处理和执行功能）相关的认知表型上。AD 神经影像学表型包括使用 T1 加权图像和 FreeSurfer 6.0 分割管道（http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu）量化的海马体和齿状回体积。VaD 神经影像学表型包括使用 T1 加权和 T2 液体衰减反转恢复图像量化的总白质高信号（WMH）体积。神经影像学指标经过调整，以适应总颅内体积。单独的多变量线性回归模型控制年龄、性别、教育程度、体重指数和热量摄入，以检查 MedDiet 组（高与低）与认知和神经影像学结果之间的关系。
与低 MedDiet 组相比，高 MedDiet 组的 L&M 表现更好，齿状回更大。MedDiet 依从性与信息处理、执行功能或 WMH 无关。
结果突出了增加 MedDiet 依从性与特定认知和神经影像学表型之间的关联，这些表型发生改变与 AD 相关。
