Bolt H M
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1987;113(4):305-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00397713.
Formaldehyde is a reactive chemical which undergoes spontaneous reactions with various cellular constituents. Mutagenicity data may be interpreted on the background of this behavior. Mice are better able to reduce the irritating effect of formaldehyde than rats and to reduce their ventilation rate when formaldehyde acts on the respiratory tract. Subacute exposure of rats to concentrations higher than 2 ppm inhibits mucociliary clearance of the nasal epithelium and leads to progressive histological and ultrastructural lesions at this site. The occurrence of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal epithelium of rats after 2 years inhalation of 14.3 ppm formaldehyde (CIIT study) is probably the result of chronic and recurrent local toxicity; this is supported by species differences in susceptibility to the tissue damaging and carcinogenic effect of formaldehyde (rat, mouse, hamster). Data on formaldehyde-DNA interaction further support the argument that a direct risk extrapolation from the formaldehyde effects in rats to those expected for man is not possible.
甲醛是一种具有反应活性的化学物质，它会与各种细胞成分发生自发反应。诱变性数据可基于这种行为背景来解读。与大鼠相比，小鼠在甲醛作用于呼吸道时，更能降低甲醛的刺激作用，并降低其通气率。大鼠亚急性暴露于浓度高于2 ppm的甲醛中，会抑制鼻上皮的黏液纤毛清除功能，并导致该部位出现进行性组织学和超微结构病变。大鼠吸入14.3 ppm甲醛2年后发生鼻上皮鳞状细胞癌（化学工业毒理学研究所的研究），可能是慢性和复发性局部毒性的结果；甲醛对组织的损伤和致癌作用在不同物种（大鼠、小鼠、仓鼠）间存在易感性差异，这支持了上述观点。甲醛与DNA相互作用的数据进一步支持了这样的观点，即直接将大鼠体内甲醛效应外推至人类预期效应是不可能的。
