脑食品——饮食对大脑表现和健康的作用。

Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health.

机构信息

Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.

出版信息

Nutr Rev. 2021 May 12;79(6):693-708. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091.

DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091

PMID:32989449

Abstract

The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.

摘要

人类大脑的表现基于遗传基因型和外部环境因素（包括饮食）之间的相互作用。食物和营养对于维持大脑表现至关重要，同时也有助于预防和治疗精神障碍。在各种实验模型和流行病学研究中，人类饮食的整体组成和特定膳食成分都被证明对大脑功能有影响。本综述概述了饮食在与心理健康和表现相关的大脑功能的 5 个关键领域中的作用，包括：（1）大脑发育；（2）大脑中的信号网络和神经递质；（3）认知和记忆；（4）蛋白质形成和降解之间的平衡；（5）慢性炎症过程导致的退行性影响。最后，讨论了饮食在大脑生理学的表观遗传调节中的作用。