Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Attach Hum Dev. 2021 Oct;23(5):624-642. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1821722. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
Attachment theory suggests that insecurely attached individuals will have more difficulty seeking and receiving support from others. Such struggles in adolescence may reinforce negative expectations of others and contribute to relationship difficulties into adulthood. Using a diverse community sample of 184 adolescents followed from age 13 to 27, along with friends and romantic partners, this study found that more insecure states of mind regarding attachment at age 14 predicted relative decreases in teens' abilities to seek and receive support from close friends from ages 14-18. In addition, greater attachment insecurity predicted greater observed negative interactions with romantic partners and relative increases in hostile attitudes from ages 14 to 27. The effect of attachment insecurity on observed negativity was mediated by difficulty seeking/receiving support in friendships during adolescence. Results suggest a type of self-fulfilling prophecy as insecure adolescents confirm their negative expectations of others through ongoing struggles to obtain support.
依恋理论表明，不安全依恋的个体在寻求和接受他人支持方面将更加困难。青少年时期的这些挣扎可能会强化对他人的负面期望，并导致成年后人际关系出现困难。本研究使用了一个从 13 岁到 27 岁追踪的、由 184 名青少年及其朋友和恋人组成的多样化社区样本，发现青少年在 14 岁时依恋心理状态越不安全感，他们在 14 岁到 18 岁期间从亲密朋友那里寻求和获得支持的能力就会相对下降。此外，更大的依恋不安全感预示着与恋人的互动会有更多的负面观察，以及从 14 岁到 27 岁时敌对态度的相对增加。在青少年时期，依恋不安全感对观察到的消极性的影响是通过在友谊中寻求/接受支持的困难来调节的。研究结果表明，存在一种自我实现的预言，即不安全的青少年通过持续努力获得支持来证实他们对他人的负面期望。
