Korem Anat, Tatar Moshe
Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
The Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Adolesc. 2025 Feb;97(2):489-498. doi: 10.1002/jad.12434. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
Friendships of adolescent girls play a significant role in providing socio-emotional support and enabling the attainment of developmental tasks. The present exploratory paper focuses on an aspect of close friendships that has yet to be widely examined, which we described as the Adverse Dyadic Friendship (ADF). This is a friendship whose negative elements are perceived from the distance of time as outweighing its positive ones.
To examine the features of ADF, a qualitative study based on retrospective data obtained from 34 young adult females (M = 31.14, SD = 5.59) was conducted in Israel. Using a semi-structured online questionnaire, participants were asked to address a specific close same-sex friendship they had during their middle or high school years that has negatively affected them.
The emerging themes (such as negative feelings and various coping strategies) suggest that ADF comprises an intense emotional condition, having implications on the development of individuals' self-perception. The consequences of ADF may be detrimental to adolescent girls' self-worth and friendship skills and extend into their adult life.
Whereas the developmental literature emphasizes the positive aspects of friendship for adolescent girls, this study points out how ADF can also become a developmental challenge for them: on the one hand, ADF comprises a risk factor for their socio-emotional development, and on the other hand, presents an opportunity to learn and introduce changes in their lives. The main contribution of this paper is that ADF can stimulate further research on the complex aspects of friendship between adolescent girls.
青春期女孩的友谊在提供社会情感支持和促进发展任务的达成方面发挥着重要作用。本探索性论文聚焦于亲密友谊中一个尚未得到广泛研究的方面，我们将其描述为不良二元友谊（ADF）。这是一种从长远来看，其负面因素被认为超过正面因素的友谊。
为了研究ADF的特征，在以色列对34名年轻成年女性（M = 31.14，SD = 5.59）进行了一项基于回顾性数据的定性研究。通过半结构化在线问卷，要求参与者描述一段在初中或高中时期对其产生负面影响的特定亲密同性友谊。
浮现出的主题（如负面情绪和各种应对策略）表明，ADF包含一种强烈的情感状态，对个体自我认知的发展有影响。ADF的后果可能对青春期女孩的自我价值和友谊技能有害，并延续到她们的成年生活。
尽管发展心理学文献强调了友谊对青春期女孩的积极方面，但本研究指出ADF如何也可能成为她们的一个发展挑战：一方面，ADF是她们社会情感发展的一个风险因素，另一方面，也提供了一个学习和改变生活的机会。本文的主要贡献在于，ADF能够激发对青春期女孩之间友谊复杂方面的进一步研究。
