Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
Mycopathologia. 2020 Dec;185(6):931-946. doi: 10.1007/s11046-020-00480-7. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
Scedosporium species are filamentous fungi usually found in sewage and soil from human-impacted areas. They cause a wide range of diseases in humans, from superficial infections, such as mycetoma, to invasive and disseminated cases, especially associated in immunocompromised patients. Scedosporium species are also related to lung colonization in individuals presenting cystic fibrosis and are considered one of the most frequent fungal pathogens associated to this pathology. Scedosporium cell wall contains glycosylated molecules involved in important biological events related to virulence and pathogenicity and represents a significant source of antigens. Polysaccharides, peptidopolysaccharides, O-linked oligosaccharides and glycosphingolipids have been identified on the Scedosporium surface. Their primary structures were determined based on a combination of techniques including gas chromatography, ESI-MS, and H and C nuclear magnetic resonance. Peptidorhamnnomannans are common cell wall components among Scedosporium species. Comparing different species, minor structural differences in the carbohydrate portions were detected which could be useful to understand variations in virulence observed among the species. N- and O-linked peptidorhamnomannans are major pathogen-associated molecular patterns and, along with α-glucans, play important roles in triggering host innate immunity. Glycosphingolipids, such as glucosylceramides, have highly conserved structures in Scedosporium species and are crucial for fungal growth and virulence. The present review presents current knowledge on structural and functional aspects of Scedosporium glycoconjugates that are relevant for understanding pathogenicity mechanisms and could contribute to the design of new agents capable of inhibiting growth and differentiation of Scedosporium species. Other cell components such as melanin and ectophosphatases will be also included.
枝孢属真菌通常存在于人类活动区域的污水和土壤中，是一种丝状真菌。它们在人类中引起广泛的疾病，从浅部感染，如真菌性足病，到侵袭性和播散性病例，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。枝孢属真菌也与囊性纤维化患者的肺部定植有关，被认为是与该病理学相关的最常见真菌病原体之一。枝孢属真菌的细胞壁含有参与与毒力和致病性相关的重要生物学事件的糖基化分子，是重要的抗原来源。已在枝孢属真菌表面鉴定出多糖、肽聚糖、O-连接寡糖和糖脂。它们的一级结构是基于包括气相色谱、ESI-MS 和 H 和 C 核磁共振在内的多种技术的组合来确定的。肽鼠李糖甘露聚糖是枝孢属真菌细胞壁的常见成分。比较不同的物种，在碳水化合物部分检测到了微小的结构差异，这有助于理解观察到的不同物种之间的毒力变化。N-和 O-连接的肽鼠李糖甘露聚糖是主要的病原体相关分子模式，与α-葡聚糖一起，在触发宿主固有免疫中发挥重要作用。糖脂，如葡糖脑苷脂，在枝孢属真菌中具有高度保守的结构，对真菌的生长和毒力至关重要。本综述介绍了枝孢属糖缀合物的结构和功能方面的最新知识，这些知识对于理解致病性机制很重要，并有助于设计能够抑制枝孢属物种生长和分化的新药物。还将包括其他细胞成分，如黑色素和外磷酯酶。
