Aguilar-Aguilar Elena
Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit. GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM + CSIC.
Nutr Hosp. 2021 Jan 13;37(Spec No2):52-56. doi: 10.20960/nh.03358.
The reproductive age of a woman comprises a large part of her life. Suffering from menstrual disorders, such as dysmenorrhea, endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), can have serious implications in the lives of those suffering them, so it is important to diagnose these problems and treat them in the most appropriate way. In the diagnosis of these problems it is important to carry out a rigorous medical history, in which a complete menstrual history is collected. Analgesic and hormonal pharmacological treatment, dietary therapy, surgery or alternative therapies may be included within the approach of these conditions. Regarding diet, this seems to be an important modulating factor, without having studied with sufficient scientific rigor the real effect it causes in women suffering from menstrual disorders. It is advisable to study each case individually and adapt the dietary-nutritional therapy. In endometriosis, for example, any additional problems such as fertility problems or immune diseases must be considered. In general, it is recommended to follow a healthy eating pattern, in which fresh unprocessed foods predominate, and avoid those rich in refined carbohydrates or fats, salt, alcohol and stimulating beverages. The efficacy of food supplements requires further research, although the positive effect of evening primrose oil on PMS appears to be a proven fact.
女性的生育年龄占其一生的很大一部分。患有月经失调，如痛经、子宫内膜异位症和经前综合征（PMS），会对患者的生活产生严重影响，因此诊断这些问题并以最恰当的方式进行治疗非常重要。在诊断这些问题时，进行严格的病史询问很重要，其中要收集完整的月经史。这些病症的治疗方法可能包括止痛和激素药物治疗、饮食疗法、手术或替代疗法。关于饮食，这似乎是一个重要的调节因素，但尚未有足够严谨的科学研究来证实其对患有月经失调的女性所产生的实际影响。建议对每个病例进行单独研究并调整饮食营养疗法。例如，在子宫内膜异位症中，必须考虑任何其他问题，如生育问题或免疫疾病。一般来说，建议遵循健康的饮食模式，即以新鲜未加工食品为主，避免食用富含精制碳水化合物或脂肪、盐、酒精和刺激性饮料的食物。尽管月见草油对经前综合征的积极作用似乎已得到证实，但食品补充剂的功效仍需进一步研究。
