Clinical Child Psychology Program and Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 610 E. 22nd Street, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Sep 29;17(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-01027-1.
Investigation of physical activity and dietary behaviors across locations can inform "setting-specific" health behavior interventions and improve understanding of contextual vulnerabilities to poor health. This study examined how physical activity, sedentary time, and dietary behaviors differed across home, school, and other locations in young adolescents.
Participants were adolescents aged 12-16 years from the Baltimore-Washington, DC and the Seattle areas from a larger cross-sectional study. Participants (n = 472) wore an accelerometer and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker (Mean days = 5.12, SD = 1.62) to collect location-based physical activity and sedentary data. Participants (n = 789) completed 24-h dietary recalls to assess dietary behaviors and eating locations. Spatial analyses were performed to classify daily physical activity, sedentary time patterns, and dietary behaviors by location, categorized as home, school, and "other" locations.
Adolescents were least physically active at home (2.5 min/hour of wear time) and school (2.9 min/hour of wear time) compared to "other" locations (5.9 min/hour of wear time). Participants spent a slightly greater proportion of wear time in sedentary time when at school (41 min/hour of wear time) than at home (39 min/hour of wear time), and time in bouts lasting ≥30 min (10 min/hour of wear time) and mean sedentary bout duration (5 min) were highest at school. About 61% of daily energy intake occurred at home, 25% at school, and 14% at "other" locations. Proportionately to energy intake, daily added sugar intake (5 g/100 kcal), fruits and vegetables (0.16 servings/100 kcal), high calorie beverages (0.09 beverages/100 kcal), whole grains (0.04 servings/100 kcal), grams of fiber (0.65 g/100 kcal), and calories of fat (33 kcal/100 kcal) and saturated fat (12 kcal/100 kcal) consumed were nutritionally least favorable at "other" locations. Daily sweet and savory snacks consumed was highest at school (0.14 snacks/100 kcal).
Adolescents' health behaviors differed based on the location/environment they were in. Although dietary behaviors were generally more favorable in the home and school locations, physical activity was generally low and sedentary time was higher in these locations. Health behavior interventions that address the multiple locations in which adolescents spend time and use location-specific behavior change strategies should be explored to optimize health behaviors in each location.
研究不同地点的体力活动和饮食行为可以为“特定环境”的健康行为干预提供信息，并增进对健康不良的环境脆弱性的理解。本研究调查了青少年在家、学校和其他地点的体力活动、久坐时间和饮食行为有何不同。
参与者为来自巴尔的摩-华盛顿特区和西雅图地区的年龄在 12-16 岁的青少年，他们来自一项更大的横断面研究。参与者（n=472）佩戴加速度计和全球定位系统（GPS）跟踪器（Mean days=5.12，SD=1.62），以收集基于位置的体力活动和久坐时间数据。参与者（n=789）完成了 24 小时膳食回忆，以评估饮食行为和饮食地点。进行空间分析以根据位置（分为家庭、学校和“其他”地点）对日常体力活动、久坐时间模式和饮食行为进行分类。
与“其他”地点（5.9 分钟/小时佩戴时间）相比，青少年在家（2.5 分钟/小时佩戴时间）和学校（2.9 分钟/小时佩戴时间）的体力活动最少。参与者在学校（41 分钟/小时佩戴时间）的久坐时间比例略高于在家（39 分钟/小时佩戴时间），持续时间≥30 分钟的时间（10 分钟/小时佩戴时间）和平均久坐时间（5 分钟）最高。每日能量摄入约 61%发生在家庭，25%发生在学校，14%发生在“其他”地点。与能量摄入成比例的是，每日添加糖摄入量（5 克/100 千卡）、水果和蔬菜（0.16 份/100 千卡）、高卡路里饮料（0.09 份/100 千卡）、全谷物（0.04 份/100 千卡）、纤维（0.65 克/100 千卡）、脂肪（33 千卡/100 千卡）和饱和脂肪（12 千卡/100 千卡）的摄入量最不利的是“其他”地点。学校的每日甜食和咸味零食摄入量最高（0.14 份/100 千卡）。
青少年的健康行为因所处的位置/环境而异。尽管家庭和学校环境中的饮食行为总体上更有利，但这些地点的体力活动通常较低，久坐时间较长。应探索针对青少年活动时间的多个地点的健康行为干预措施，并使用特定地点的行为改变策略，以优化每个地点的健康行为。
