Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 11;13(11):4019. doi: 10.3390/nu13114019.
Frequency of consuming foods prepared away from home has been associated with lower diet quality among adults and adolescents in several earlier studies. Nutrient and food group intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores were compared among a U.S. nationally representative sample of adolescents (12-19 years, = 3975) by frequency of consuming food prepared away from home ≤2 times/week ( = 2311) versus >2 times/week ( = 1664) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011-2018. Regression analyses were used to compare intakes among adolescents by frequency of eating meals prepared away from home adjusting for covariates. Older (16-19 years) vs. younger (12-15 years) adolescents and those from homes with higher vs. lower family income to poverty ratios had greater frequency of eating meals prepared away from home. Intakes of nutrients of concern for adolescents including choline, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium, fiber, phosphorus, folate, iron, and total HEI-2015 scores and component scores for total vegetables, and greens and beans were lower among adolescents who consumed meals prepared away from home more vs. less often. However, no differences were noted among food group intakes considered good sources of nutrients of concern such as total fruit, total vegetables, whole grains, and total dairy, except for beans and peas by frequency of eating foods prepared away from home. Greater frequency of eating foods prepared away from home was associated with lower diet quality among adolescents in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents.
在一些早期的研究中，经常在外就餐与成年人和青少年的饮食质量较低有关。通过比较 2011 年至 2018 年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）数据中每周在家外就餐频率≤2 次（n=2311）和>2 次（n=1664）的美国全国代表性青少年样本（12-19 岁，n=3975）的营养素和食物组摄入量以及健康饮食指数（HEI）-2015 评分，使用回归分析来比较青少年在家外就餐频率不同时的摄入量，并调整了协变量。与年龄较小（12-15 岁）的青少年相比，年龄较大（16-19 岁）的青少年以及家庭收入与贫困率之比较高的青少年更常在家外就餐。对于青少年而言，胆碱、维生素 D、钾、镁、纤维、磷、叶酸、铁和总 HEI-2015 评分以及总蔬菜、绿色蔬菜和豆类的分量评分等营养素有顾虑的摄入量，在经常在家外就餐的青少年中较低。然而，在所考虑的营养素良好来源的食物组摄入量方面，如总水果、总蔬菜、全谷物和总乳制品，除豆类和豌豆外，在经常在家外就餐的青少年中没有差异。在一个具有全国代表性的美国青少年样本中，经常在家外就餐与青少年的饮食质量较低有关。
