Abdelhamid Asmaa, Jennings Amy, Hayhoe Richard P G, Awuzudike Veronica E, Welch Ailsa A
Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK.
Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Jul 29;8(9):4907-4918. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1784. eCollection 2020 Sep.
A Mediterranean style dietary pattern (MDP) is considered beneficial for health. The MD Score (MDS) definition has evolved, resulting in considerable variability in the foods and nutrients associated with MDS adherence. We systematically investigated food and nutrient composition of the MD between studies, countries, and methods of classifying the MDS. We searched Embase for MD systematic reviews and selected observational studies reporting intakes of foods, macronutrients, or micronutrients by categories of MDS adherence. The percentage differences in food and nutrient intakes between categories of high and low adherence to the MDS were calculated for each study. A total of 369 full-text primary papers were reviewed from the included systematic reviews and 74 papers selected (66 adults, 8 children). We found considerable differences in MDS definitions and scoring criteria. Between-study variation in food intake between high- and low-adherence MDS adherence categories ranged from a mean of -23% for meat, to 119% for fruit, and 278% for fish. Greater variability was evident in non-Mediterranean than Mediterranean regions. We conclude that few studies report food and nutrient intakes across the range of the MDP in adults and even fewer in children. The considerable variability in the foods and nutrients reported makes comparison of results from studies and translation into dietary guidelines difficult. We recommend that future publications of MD studies include full details of the range of food and nutrient intakes across the distribution of MD adherence in order to facilitate translation into health policy and practice.
地中海式饮食模式（MDP）被认为对健康有益。MD评分（MDS）的定义不断演变，导致与MDS依从性相关的食物和营养素存在相当大的差异。我们系统地研究了不同研究、国家以及MDS分类方法之间MD的食物和营养成分。我们在Embase数据库中搜索MD系统评价，并选择观察性研究，这些研究报告了按MDS依从性类别划分的食物、宏量营养素或微量营养素的摄入量。为每项研究计算了MDS高依从性和低依从性类别之间食物和营养素摄入量的百分比差异。从纳入的系统评价中总共审查了369篇全文原始论文，并选择了74篇论文（66篇针对成年人，8篇针对儿童）。我们发现MDS定义和评分标准存在相当大的差异。高依从性和低依从性MDS类别之间的研究间食物摄入量差异范围从肉类的平均-23%到水果的119%，鱼类的278%。非地中海地区的变异性比地中海地区更明显。我们得出结论，很少有研究报告成年人MDP范围内的食物和营养素摄入量，儿童的此类研究更少。所报告的食物和营养素存在相当大的变异性，这使得研究结果的比较以及转化为饮食指南变得困难。我们建议未来MD研究的出版物应包括MD依从性分布范围内食物和营养素摄入量范围的完整详细信息，以便于转化为健康政策和实践。
