Villaamil Francisco J, Arnaiz Ignacio, Allepuz Alberto, Molins Miquel, Lazaro Mercedes, Benavides Bibiana, Moya Sebastián J, Fabrega Jordi Casal, Yus Eduardo, Dieguez Francisco J
ADSG Costa da Morte, A Coruña, Spain.
Serology, Animal Health and Production Laboratory of Galicia, Lugo, Spain.
Vet Rec Open. 2020 Sep 16;7(1):e000399. doi: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000399. eCollection 2020.
Biosecurity is a key measure to reduce and prevent the introduction of diseases to farms and minimise spread of diseases within a herd. The aim of the study was to characterise the current application of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms in Spain along with their bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis status.
Data on biosecurity measures for 124 dairy herds were collected using a questionnaire. The sanitary status of these farms for bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was also assessed using antibody ELISA. Data were analysed using multiple correspondence analysis and a two-step cluster analysis.
Three main clusters of farms were identified: clusters 1 and 2 included herds of small and intermediate sizes. These, particularly cluster 1, showed the most deficiencies in the control of vehicles and visitors. However, laboratory tests were always performed on purchased animals. Cluster 3 had the largest herd sizes, with somewhat better biosecurity control of vehicles and visitors. However, farms in this cluster also purchased the most animals, sometimes without testing, and hired external workers more often.
The study indicated that, in the study population, there are serious shortcomings in the application of biosecurity measures on dairy farms, exposing them to disease transmission. This survey also highlights regional and herd size-related differences in the implementation of biosecurity. Collecting data is an important first step to identification of specific weaknesses in different farm typologies, and an adequate follow-up is needed to ensure that measures are implemented correctly on farms.
生物安全是减少和预防疾病传入农场并将疾病在畜群内传播降至最低的关键措施。本研究的目的是描述西班牙奶牛场生物安全措施的当前应用情况及其牛病毒性腹泻和传染性牛鼻气管炎的状况。
使用问卷收集了124个奶牛群的生物安全措施数据。还使用抗体ELISA评估了这些农场牛病毒性腹泻和传染性牛鼻气管炎的卫生状况。使用多重对应分析和两步聚类分析对数据进行了分析。
确定了三类主要的农场：第1组和第2组包括小型和中型畜群。这些畜群，尤其是第1组，在车辆和访客管控方面存在最多不足。不过，对购入动物总是进行实验室检测。第3组畜群规模最大，对车辆和访客的生物安全管控略好。然而，该组的农场购入的动物也最多，有时不进行检测，且更常雇佣外部工人。
研究表明，在研究群体中，奶牛场生物安全措施的应用存在严重缺陷，使其面临疾病传播风险。本次调查还突出了生物安全实施方面与地区和畜群规模相关的差异。收集数据是识别不同农场类型具体薄弱环节的重要第一步，并且需要进行充分的跟踪以确保农场正确实施各项措施。
