Research Unit of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute for Clinical Research, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021 Apr;56(4):559-570. doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01964-z. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
Maternal prenatal stress and postnatal depression are reported to increase the risk for early offspring psychological problems. We examined whether these two stressors predicted toddler emotional or behavioral problems based on the mother and teacher reports, respectively.
A longitudinal study within the Odense Child Cohort (OCC). Prenatal stress was assessed (gestation week 28) using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Depressive symptoms were assessed (3 months after birth) using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Behavioral and emotional problems were assessed by mothers using the preschool version of Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and by teachers using the caregiver-teacher report form (CTR-F).
N = 1302 mother-child dyads were included. CBCL (N = 1302) was collected at 29 months (SD 5.3) and C-TRF (N = 989) at 32.6 months (SD 6.9). N = 70 mothers (5.4%) were at high risk for postnatal depression (EPDS score > 12). Generalized additive models showed that prenatal stress (increase of + 1 on PSS-10 total score) predicted an increase in CBCL (+ 0.011) and C-TRF (+ 0.015) total scores. Postnatal depressive symptoms (increase of + 1 on EPDS total score) only predicted an increase in CBCL total score (+ 0.026).
Prenatal maternal stress was a significant predictor of both mother and teacher reported toddler emotional and behavioral problems, although effect sizes were small. Postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with increased maternal (but not teacher) reporting of toddler problems. Mothers reported more toddler psychological problems than teachers, and the mother-teacher discrepancy was positively correlated to maternal postnatal depressive symptoms.
据报道，孕妇产前压力和产后抑郁会增加幼儿早期心理问题的风险。我们分别通过母亲和教师报告，研究了这两种压力源是否会预测幼儿的情绪或行为问题。
这是一项在欧登塞儿童队列（OCC）内的纵向研究。产前压力（妊娠第 28 周）采用科恩感知压力量表（PSS）评估。产后抑郁症状（出生后 3 个月）采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）评估。母亲采用学龄前儿童行为检查表（CBCL）、教师采用 caregiver-teacher 报告表（CTR-F）评估行为和情绪问题。
共纳入 1302 对母婴对子。CBCL（N=1302）在 29 个月（SD=5.3）时收集，CTR-F（N=989）在 32.6 个月（SD=6.9）时收集。70 名母亲（5.4%）有产后抑郁高风险（EPDS 评分>12）。广义加性模型显示，产前压力（PSS-10 总分增加+1）预测 CBCL（+0.011）和 CTR-F（+0.015）总分增加。产后抑郁症状（EPDS 总分增加+1）仅预测 CBCL 总分增加（+0.026）。
产前母亲压力是母亲和教师报告的幼儿情绪和行为问题的一个重要预测因素，尽管效应量较小。产后抑郁症状与增加的母亲（而非教师）报告的幼儿问题相关。母亲报告的幼儿心理问题比教师多，且母亲-教师差异与产后抑郁症状呈正相关。
