Bradford Nova J, Rider G Nicole, Catalpa Jory M, Morrow Quinlyn J, Berg Dianne R, Spencer Katherine G, McGuire Jenifer K
National Center for Gender Spectrum Health, Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, USA.
Int J Transgend. 2018 May 25;20(2-3):155-168. doi: 10.1080/15532739.2018.1474516. eCollection 2019.
Increasingly, research is emerging on the subjective experience of genderqueer people. This study explored how genderqueer identities are understood and managed in both personal and social domains. Interview data from 25 genderqueer-identified American adolescents and emerging adults, aged 15 to 26 ( 21.28 = 3.20), were pulled from a larger study of 90 transgender and genderqueer participants. The 90-minute semi-structured interviews included questions about gender identity, the developmental pathway of participants, and relationships with others regarding gender. Participants described "genderqueer" as a sufficiently broad category to capture their diverse experiences, and descriptions of genderqueer identities were heterogeneous, directly contradicting binary understandings of gender identity. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts resulted in three themes: intrapsychic experience, descriptions of master narratives about gender identity, and the co-construction of identities. Participants described navigating a series of master and alternative narratives, such that all transgender people transgress a cisnormative master narrative, but genderqueer people further transgress normative understandings of a medicalized, binary transgender identity. The experience of co-creating identities was the process by which participants actively navigated constraints of the master narrative experience. Participants described the integral role of language in crafting new narratives to legitimize genderqueer experiences, as well as the subsequent intragroup conflict resulting from conflicting relationships to narratives in the transgender community. This study highlights genderqueer identities as a source of strength and positivity, and the importance of expanding beyond the hegemonic gender binary within research and clinical practice.
关于性别酷儿群体主观体验的研究越来越多。本研究探讨了性别酷儿身份在个人和社会领域中是如何被理解和处理的。来自25名年龄在15至26岁(平均年龄21.28岁,标准差3.20)、自我认同为性别酷儿的美国青少年和刚成年的人的访谈数据,取自一项对90名跨性别者和性别酷儿参与者的更大规模研究。90分钟的半结构化访谈包括关于性别认同、参与者的发展路径以及与他人在性别方面的关系等问题。参与者将“性别酷儿”描述为一个足够宽泛的类别,以涵盖他们多样的经历,对性别酷儿身份的描述是异质的,这直接与对性别认同的二元理解相矛盾。对访谈记录的主题分析得出了三个主题:内心体验、关于性别认同的主流叙事描述以及身份的共同建构。参与者描述了在一系列主流和替代叙事中摸索前行,所有跨性别者都违背了顺性别规范的主流叙事,但性别酷儿群体进一步违背了对医学化的、二元跨性别身份的规范理解。共同创造身份的体验是参与者积极应对主流叙事体验限制的过程。参与者描述了语言在构建新叙事以使性别酷儿体验合法化方面的不可或缺作用,以及随后因与跨性别群体中叙事的冲突关系而产生的群体内部冲突。本研究强调性别酷儿身份是力量和积极因素的来源,以及在研究和临床实践中超越霸权性别的二元划分的重要性。