Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 1;15(10):e0239754. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239754. eCollection 2020.
Vaccination is proven to be one of the most cost-effective measures adopted to improve the health of children globally. Adhering to vaccines for children has the propensity to prevent about 1.5 million annual child deaths globally. This study sought to assess the trend and determinants of complete vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Ghana.
The study was based on data from four rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2014). Information on 5,119 children aged 12-23 months were extracted from the children's files. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the factors associated with complete vaccination and statistical significance was pegged at p<0.05.
We found that complete vaccination coverage increased from 85.1% in 1998 to 95.2% in 2014. Children whose mothers were in rural areas [aOR = 0.45; CI = 0.33-0.60] had lower odds of getting complete vaccination, compared to those whose mothers were in urban areas. Also, children whose mothers had a secondary level of education [aOR = 1.87; CI = 1.39-2.50] had higher odds of receiving complete vaccination, compared to those whose mothers had no formal education. Children whose mothers were either Traditionalists [aOR = 0.60; CI = 0.42-0.84] or had no religion [aOR = 0.58, CI = 0.43-0.79] had lower odds of receiving complete vaccination, compared to children whose mothers were Christians.
The study revealed that there has been an increase in the coverage of complete vaccination from 1998 to 2014 in Ghana. Mother's place of residence, education, and religious affiliation were significantly associated with full childhood vaccination. Although there was an increase in complete childhood vaccination, it is imperative to improve health education and expand maternal and child health services to rural areas and among women with no formal education to further increase complete vaccination coverage in Ghana.
疫苗接种被证明是改善全球儿童健康最具成本效益的措施之一。坚持为儿童接种疫苗有可能在全球预防每年 150 万例儿童死亡。本研究旨在评估加纳 12-23 个月儿童完全疫苗接种覆盖率的趋势和决定因素。
本研究基于加纳四次人口与健康调查（1998 年、2003 年、2008 年和 2014 年）的数据。从儿童档案中提取了 5119 名 12-23 个月大的儿童信息。进行了单变量和多变量分析，以评估与完全疫苗接种相关的因素，统计显著性水平设为 p<0.05。
我们发现，完全疫苗接种覆盖率从 1998 年的 85.1%增加到 2014 年的 95.2%。与居住在城市地区的母亲的儿童相比，居住在农村地区的母亲的儿童[OR=0.45；95%CI=0.33-0.60]获得完全疫苗接种的可能性较低。此外，与没有接受正规教育的母亲的儿童相比，接受过中等教育的母亲的儿童[OR=1.87；95%CI=1.39-2.50]接受完全疫苗接种的可能性更高。母亲是传统主义者的儿童[aOR=0.60；95%CI=0.42-0.84]或没有宗教信仰的儿童[aOR=0.58，95%CI=0.43-0.79]获得完全疫苗接种的可能性低于母亲是基督徒的儿童。
本研究表明，1998 年至 2014 年期间，加纳完全疫苗接种覆盖率有所增加。母亲的居住地、教育程度和宗教信仰与儿童完全疫苗接种显著相关。尽管儿童完全疫苗接种率有所提高，但仍有必要加强健康教育，并扩大母婴健康服务，以覆盖农村地区和没有正规教育的妇女，以进一步提高加纳的完全疫苗接种率。
