de Roodt Adolfo R, Lanari Laura C, Lago Néstor R, Bustillo Soledad, Litwin Silvana, Morón-Goñi Fernando, Gould Eduardo G, van Grootheest Jantine H, Dokmetjian José Ch, Dolab Jorge A, Irazú Lucía, Damin Carlos F
Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud, Argentina; Primera Cátedra de Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Patología Experimental y Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud, Argentina.
Toxicon. 2020 Dec;188:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.09.014. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Samples of Apis mellifera mellifera venom from different hives in two regions of the Buenos Aires province and its pool were analyzed for their lethal potency, myotoxic, defibrinogenating, hemolytic and inflammatory-edematizing activity and for the histological alterations they produce in the heart, lungs, kidneys, skeletal muscle and liver of mice. In vitro studies focused on the venom's hemolytic activity in different systems and species (horse, man, sheep and rabbit), the cytotoxicity in cellular lines, and on the proteolytic and coagulant activity in plasma and fibrinogen. Hemolytic activity, either observed in vitro or in vivo, showed similar toxicity levels for all samples. Erythrocytes of different species varied in their sensitivity to the venom pool, equines being the most sensitive and sheep the most resistant to direct hemolytic action. Local and systemic myotoxicity was evidenced by either the elevation of serum creatine kinase and/or histopathological lesions, observed in different muscles. All samples caused significant pathological alterations; pulmonary, cardiac, renal and skeletal muscle lesions were substantive and can be related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of envenomation. The venoms from different apiaries and regions of the Buenos Aires province showed very similar toxicological characteristics. These results suggest that severity of envenomation in case of a swarming could therefore be more related to the number of bees than to the differential toxicity of the venom from different regions of the province. This is the first study on the toxicity and toxicological characteristics of Apis mellifera venom in Argentina.
对来自布宜诺斯艾利斯省两个地区不同蜂箱的意大利蜜蜂毒液样本及其混合样本进行了分析，检测其致死效力、肌毒性、去纤维蛋白活性、溶血活性和炎性水肿活性，以及它们在小鼠心脏、肺、肾、骨骼肌和肝脏中产生的组织学改变。体外研究集中于毒液在不同系统和物种（马、人、绵羊和兔子）中的溶血活性、在细胞系中的细胞毒性，以及在血浆和纤维蛋白原中的蛋白水解和凝血活性。体外或体内观察到的溶血活性显示，所有样本的毒性水平相似。不同物种的红细胞对毒液混合样本的敏感性不同，马红细胞对直接溶血作用最敏感，绵羊红细胞最具抗性。血清肌酸激酶升高和/或在不同肌肉中观察到的组织病理学损伤证明了局部和全身的肌毒性。所有样本均引起显著的病理改变；肺部、心脏、肾脏和骨骼肌损伤严重，可能与中毒的病理生理机制有关。来自布宜诺斯艾利斯省不同养蜂场和地区的毒液显示出非常相似的毒理学特征。这些结果表明，因此，在蜂群攻击情况下中毒的严重程度可能更多地与蜜蜂数量有关，而不是与该省不同地区毒液的差异毒性有关。这是阿根廷首次关于意大利蜜蜂毒液毒性和毒理学特征的研究。
