Cognition & Behaviour, Land Division (Edinburgh), Defence Science & Technology, Department of Defence, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 30;12(10):3009. doi: 10.3390/nu12103009.
Enhancing or preserving cognitive performance of personnel working in stressful, demanding and/or high tempo environments is vital for optimal performance. Emerging research suggests that the human gut microbiota may provide a potential avenue to enhance cognition. This review examines the relationship between the human gut microbiota, including modulators of the microbiota on cognition and/or brain function. For this narrative review, a total of = 17 relevant human research items of a possible 1765 published between January 2010 and November 2018 were identified. Two overarching design methods for synthesis were observed: correlational or pre/post intervention. Limited correlational design studies linking microbiota to cognitive/brain structure endpoints existed ( = 5); however, correlations between microbiota diversity and enhanced cognitive flexibility and executive function were observed. Gut microbiota intervention studies to improve cognition or brain function ( = 12) generally resulted in improved cognition (11/12), in which improvements were observed in visuospatial memory, verbal learning and memory, and aspects of attentional vigilance. Limited studies were available to draw a detailed conclusion; however, available evidence suggests that gut microbiota is linked to cognitive performance and that manipulation of gut microbiota could be a promising avenue for enhancing cognition which warrants further research.
提高或保持在压力大、要求高和/或节奏快的环境中工作的人员的认知表现对于实现最佳表现至关重要。新兴研究表明，人类肠道微生物群可能提供增强认知的潜在途径。本综述考察了人类肠道微生物群与认知和/或大脑功能之间的关系，包括微生物群的调节剂。对于这个叙述性综述，总共确定了 1765 篇可能发表的文献中有 17 篇与人类相关的研究，发表时间为 2010 年 1 月至 2018 年 11 月。观察到两种总体的综合设计方法：相关性或干预前后。存在将微生物群与认知/大脑结构终点联系起来的有限相关性设计研究（=5）；然而，观察到微生物群多样性与增强的认知灵活性和执行功能之间存在相关性。改善认知或大脑功能的肠道微生物群干预研究（=12）通常导致认知改善（11/12），其中在视空间记忆、言语学习和记忆以及注意力警觉性方面观察到了改善。可获得的研究有限，无法得出详细的结论；然而，现有证据表明，肠道微生物群与认知表现有关，并且肠道微生物群的操纵可能是增强认知的有前途途径，值得进一步研究。
