Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84 215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
Protoplasma. 2021 Jan;258(1):169-178. doi: 10.1007/s00709-020-01562-5. Epub 2020 Oct 3.
The spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.) is a much-branched deciduous shrub or small tree. Its fruit capsules contain seeds with remarkably high content of oil interesting for industry, especially the 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (AcDAG) synthesized by a specific acetyl-CoA diacylglycerol acetyltransferase. The distribution and amount of individual triacylglycerols (TAG) and especially acetyl-triacylglycerols (AcDAG) in Euonymus fruit have previously been assigned to specific tissues. Using anatomical and microscopical observations, we studied the fruit morphology, and for the first time, we identified a more detailed allocation of oil bodies in individual tissue structures. Thin layer chromatography separation of extracts from immature and mature fruits confirmed TAG and AcDAG as the most abundant lipid classes in both endosperm and embryo, followed by fatty acids and polar lipids. The abundance of fatty acids was further studied in the TAG and AcDAG fractions using gas chromatography. Data revealed particular FAs in both fractions allocated in tissue-specific manner and/or as indicators of maturation of E. europaeus seeds. While the abundance of cis-vaccenic-, linoleic as well as α-linolenic acids in the AcDAG structures generally drop with maturation in both embryo and endosperm, content of oleic acid increases. Abundance of cis-vaccenic acid in TAG was recorded in immature endosperm. For embryo, the abundance of stearic acid in AcDAG and oleic acid in TAG fraction was distinctive. Deeper understanding of underlying metabolic processes will be essential for targeted metabolic engineering and/or application for oilseed crops.
spindle 树（卫矛属欧洲）是一种多分枝的落叶灌木或小树。它的果实胶囊含有油含量非常高的种子，对工业很有兴趣，特别是由特定的乙酰辅酶 A 二酰基甘油乙酰转移酶合成的 3-乙酰基-1,2-二酰基-sn-甘油（AcDAG）。以前曾将卫矛属果实中个体三酰基甘油（TAG）的分布和数量，特别是乙酰三酰基甘油（AcDAG）分配给特定的组织。使用解剖学和显微镜观察，我们研究了果实形态，并且首次确定了油体在个体组织结构中的更详细分配。未成熟和成熟果实提取物的薄层色谱分离证实了 TAG 和 AcDAG 是胚乳和胚胎中最丰富的脂质类，其次是脂肪酸和极性脂质。使用气相色谱进一步研究了TAG 和 AcDAG 馏分中的脂肪酸丰度。数据显示，这两种馏分中都有特定的脂肪酸以组织特异性方式分配，或者作为卫矛属种子成熟的指标。虽然 AcDAG 结构中顺式-芸苔酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的丰度随着胚乳和胚胎的成熟而普遍下降，但油酸的含量增加。不成熟胚乳中记录到 TAG 中顺式-芸苔酸的丰度。对于胚胎，AcDAG 中硬脂酸和 TAG 中油酸的丰度是独特的。深入了解潜在的代谢过程对于靶向代谢工程和/或油籽作物的应用至关重要。
