Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2020 Nov 16;64(9):936-943. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa076.
Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are important tools for estimating occupational exposures in study populations where only information on industry and occupation (I&O) are available. JEMs The objective of this work was to create JEMs for solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using a US standardized coding scheme.
Using U.S. Census Bureau industry and occupation codes, separate lists of I&O pairs were developed for solar and artificial UVR by a panel of Certified Industrial Hygienists who assigned exposure ratings to I&O pairs with potential exposure. Parameters for exposure included prevalence (P) and frequency (F) for solar UVR and P, F, and intensity (I) for artificial UVR. Prevalence, or percent of all workers employed in an I&O pair who were exposed, was categorically rated: 0 to <1, 1 to <20; 20 to <80, and ≥80. Frequency of exposure, defined by the number of hours per week workers were exposed, was categorically rated: 0 to <5, 5 to <20, 20 to <35, and ≥35 h per week. For artificial UVR only, intensity of exposure was assigned three ratings: low, low with rare excursions, and >low under normal conditions. Discrepant ratings were resolved via consensus.
After excluding I&O pairs assigned P and F ratings of 0 (solar UVR) and P, F, and I ratings of 0 (artificial UVR) from the JEM, 9206 I&O pairs were rated for solar UVR and 2010 I&O pairs for artificial UVR. For solar UVR, 723 (7.9% of all rated pairs) had ratings in the highest category for P and F; this group included 45 occupations in varied industries. Construction and extraction occupations represented most of the occupations (n = 20; 44%), followed by farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (n = 6; 13%). For artificial UVR, 87 I&O pairs (4.3% of all rated pairs) had maximum ratings for P, F, and I; these comprised a single occupation (welding, soldering, and brazing workers) in diverse industries.
JEMs for solar and artificial UVR were developed for a broad range of I&O pairs in the US population and are available for use by researchers conducting occupational epidemiological studies.
职业暴露矩阵（JEM）是在仅可获得行业和职业（I&O）信息的研究人群中估计职业暴露的重要工具。JEM 本研究旨在使用美国标准化编码方案为太阳和人工紫外线辐射（UVR）创建 JEM。
使用美国人口普查局的行业和职业代码，由一组经过认证的工业卫生学家组成的小组为太阳和人工 UVR 分别开发了 I&O 对列表，并为可能存在暴露的 I&O 对分配了暴露等级。暴露参数包括太阳 UVR 的流行率（P）和频率（F）以及人工 UVR 的 P、F 和强度（I）。流行率，即暴露在 I&O 对中的所有工人的百分比，被分类评定：0 至<1、1 至<20、20 至<80 和≥80。暴露频率，定义为工人每周暴露的小时数，被分类评定：0 至<5、5 至<20、20 至<35 和每周≥35 小时。仅对于人工 UVR，暴露强度被分配了三个等级：低、低伴有罕见的波动和正常情况下>低。有争议的评级通过共识解决。
从 JEM 中排除 P 和 F 评级为 0（太阳 UVR）和 P、F 和 I 评级为 0（人工 UVR）的 I&O 对后，9206 对 I&O 对被评定为太阳 UVR，2010 对 I&O 对被评定为人工 UVR。对于太阳 UVR，723 对（所有评定对的 7.9%）在 P 和 F 方面的评级最高；这组包括来自不同行业的 45 种职业。建筑和采掘业代表了大部分职业（n=20；44%），其次是农业、渔业和林业职业（n=6；13%）。对于人工 UVR，87 对 I&O 对（所有评定对的 4.3%）在 P、F 和 I 方面的评级最高；这些仅由单一职业（焊接、钎焊和铜焊工人）组成，分布在多个行业。
为美国人群中的广泛 I&O 对开发了太阳和人工 UVR 的 JEM，可供从事职业流行病学研究的研究人员使用。
