Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102535. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102535. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy.
新型冠状病毒在很短的时间内在全球范围内传播，现在已经成为一种大流行。大多数感染的人有干咳、呼吸困难、疲劳和发热等症状。然而，Covid-19 感染会破坏包括肝脏、肾脏和神经系统在内的各种器官。Covid-19 感染的常见神经系统症状包括意识混乱、意识模糊、头痛以及嗅觉和味觉丧失。在极少数情况下，它会导致中风和癫痫。病毒通过神经途径或 ACE2 受体直接进入神经系统。Covid-19 感染在大脑中的神经系统症状主要是由于促炎细胞因子进入神经系统或由小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞产生这些细胞因子所致。促炎细胞因子可导致血脑屏障破坏，谷氨酸和天冬氨酸增加，GABA 水平降低，破坏离子通道的功能，最后，细胞因子水平升高可导致癫痫。了解潜在机制对于更好地了解 COVID-19 引起的癫痫发病机制以及设计正确的治疗策略以实现对癫痫和癫痫的适当治疗是必要的。
