Fuentes-García Juan Pedro, Martínez Patiño María José, Villafaina Santos, Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Didactic and Behavioral Analysis of Sports Research Group (ADICODE), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Faculty Sciences of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 11;11:1812. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812. eCollection 2020.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered a pandemic, jeopardizing global health. The sports world is also suffering enormous consequences, such as the suspension of the Olympic Games in Tokyo or, in chess, the cancelation of the World Candidates Tournament 2020. Chess is a sport characterized by high psychophysiological demands derived from long training durations, tournaments, and games, leading to mental, emotional, and physical stress. These characteristics could provide chess players a certain advantage in facing quarantine situations. This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement on behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess played. We analyzed chess players (: 450; age = 38.12 ± 14.01 years) in countries where confinement was mandatory: Professional players (: 55; age = 43.35 ± 13), high-performance players (: 53; age = 38.57 ± 13.46), competitive players (: 284; age = 36.82 ± 13.91), and amateur players (: 58; age = 39.10 ± 14.99). Results showed that chess players significantly decreased physical activity per day while increased chess practise during the confinement period. However, anxiety levels remained moderate despite the anti-stress effects of physical activity. Amateur players showed a significantly higher level of social alarm than professional and high-performance players. Moreover, professional players showed higher values of extraversion than high-performance players and amateur players. In neuroticism, professional players showed higher values than high-performance players. In addition, the professional players showed higher scores in psychological inflexibility than competitive players. Finally, chess players with the highest academic level showed higher levels of personal concern and anxiety due to COVID-19 as well as lower psychological inflexibility compared to those with a lower academic level. In conclusion, chess players, especially those with a higher academic level, might have adapted their psychological profile to fit confinement situations and the worrying levels of physical inactivity.
新冠疫情的爆发引发了一场大流行，危及全球健康。体育界也遭受了巨大影响，比如东京奥运会的延期，以及国际象棋领域2020年世界候选人赛的取消。国际象棋是一项对心理生理要求很高的运动，长时间的训练、赛事和对局会导致精神、情感和身体上的压力。这些特点可能会让国际象棋棋手在面对隔离情况时具有一定优势。本研究旨在基于性别、教育水平和国际象棋水平，分析新冠疫情隔离措施对国际象棋棋手行为、心理和训练模式的影响。我们分析了在实施强制隔离措施国家的国际象棋棋手（n = 450；年龄 = 38.12 ± 14.01岁）：职业棋手（n = 55；年龄 = 43.35 ± 13岁）、高水平棋手（n = 53；年龄 = 38.57 ± 13.46岁）、竞技棋手（n = 284；年龄 = 36.82 ± 13.91岁）和业余棋手（n = 58；年龄 = 39.10 ± 14.99岁）。结果显示，在隔离期间，国际象棋棋手的每日身体活动显著减少，而国际象棋训练增加。然而，尽管身体活动具有抗压力作用，但焦虑水平仍处于中等程度。业余棋手表现出的社会警觉水平显著高于职业棋手和高水平棋手。此外，职业棋手在外向性方面的得分高于高水平棋手和业余棋手。在神经质方面，职业棋手得分高于高水平棋手。另外，职业棋手在心理灵活性方面的得分高于竞技棋手。最后，与学术水平较低的棋手相比，学术水平最高的国际象棋棋手因新冠疫情表现出更高的个人担忧和焦虑水平，以及更低的心理灵活性。总之，国际象棋棋手，尤其是学术水平较高的棋手，可能已经调整了他们的心理状态以适应隔离情况和令人担忧的身体活动不足水平。
