Byrne Aidan J
Consultant Anaesthetist, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Honorary Professor, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 9;11:2080. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02080. eCollection 2020.
Early models of human cognition appeared to posit the brain as a collection of discrete digital computing modules with specific data processing functions. More recent theories such as the Hierarchically Mechanistic Mind characterize the brain as a massive hierarchy of interconnected and adaptive circuits whose primary aim is to reduce entropy. However, studies in high workload/stress situations show that human behavior is often error prone and seemingly irrational. Rather than regarding such behavior to be uncharacteristic, this paper suggest that such "atypical" behavior provides the best information on which to base theories of human cognition. Rather than using a digital paradigm, human cognition should be seen as an analog computer based on resonating circuits whose primary driver is to constantly extract information from the massively complex and rapidly changing world around us to construct an internal model of reality that allows us to rapidly respond to the threats and opportunities.
早期的人类认知模型似乎将大脑假定为一个由具有特定数据处理功能的离散数字计算模块组成的集合。最近的理论，如分层机械心智理论，将大脑描述为一个由相互连接且自适应的电路构成的庞大层级结构，其主要目的是减少熵。然而，在高工作量/压力情境下的研究表明，人类行为往往容易出错且看似不理性。本文并非将此类行为视为非典型的，而是认为这种“非典型”行为为构建人类认知理论提供了最佳信息。人类认知不应采用数字范式，而应被视为一种基于共振电路的模拟计算机，其主要驱动力是不断从我们周围极其复杂且快速变化的世界中提取信息，以构建一个现实的内部模型，使我们能够对威胁和机遇迅速做出反应。
