Fagan Brian T, Satapathy Sikhanda S, Rutledge J Neal, Kornguth Steven E
U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States.
Austin Radiological Association, Austin, TX, United States.
Front Neurol. 2020 Sep 8;11:998. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00998. eCollection 2020.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a concern in sports, automobile accidents and combat operations. A better understanding of the mechanics leading to a TBI is required to cope with both the short-term life-threatening effects and long-term effects of TBIs, such as the development chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Kornguth et al. (1) proposed that an inflammatory and autoimmune process initiated by a water hammer effect at the bases of the sulci of the brain is a mechanism of TBI leading to CTE. A major objective of this study is to investigate whether the water hammer effect is present due to blunt impacts through the use of computational models. Frontal blunt impacts were simulated with 2D finite element models developed to capture the biofidelic geometry of a human head. The models utilized the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method to model a layer of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a deforming fluid allowing for CSF to move in and out of sulci. During the simulated impacts, CSF was not observed to be driven into the sulci during the transient response. However, elevated shear strain levels near the base of the sulci were exhibited. Further, increased shear strain was present when differentiation between white and gray matter was taken into account. Both of the results support clinical observations of (1).
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）已成为体育、汽车事故和军事行动中的一个关注点。为应对TBI的短期危及生命的影响以及长期影响，如慢性创伤性脑病（CTE）的发展，需要更好地理解导致TBI的力学原理。Kornguth等人（1）提出，脑沟底部的水锤效应引发的炎症和自身免疫过程是导致CTE的TBI机制。本研究的一个主要目标是通过使用计算模型来研究钝性撞击是否会产生水锤效应。使用开发的二维有限元模型模拟额部钝性撞击，以捕捉人头的生物逼真几何形状。这些模型利用任意拉格朗日欧拉（ALE）方法将一层脑脊液（CSF）建模为变形流体，使CSF能够进出脑沟。在模拟撞击过程中，在瞬态响应期间未观察到CSF被驱入脑沟。然而，在脑沟底部附近出现了升高的剪切应变水平。此外，考虑白质和灰质之间的差异时，剪切应变增加。这两个结果都支持（1）的临床观察。
