Ye Lele, Qian Yunyun, Yu Weijie, Guo Gangqiang, Wang Hong, Xue Xiangyang
Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 4;11:2104. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02104. eCollection 2020.
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), whose genome is 235 ± 1.9 kbp long, is a common herpesvirus. However, the functions of many of its genes are still unknown. HCMV is closely associated with various human diseases and infects 60-90% of the global population. It can infect various human cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes. Although HCMV infection is generally asymptomatic and causes subtle clinical symptoms, it can generate a robust immune response and establish a latent infection in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS, transplant recipients, and developing fetuses. Currently available antivirals approved for the treatment of HCMV-associated diseases are limited by dose-limiting toxicity and the emergence of resistance; however, vaccines and immunoglobulins are unavailable. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature on 43 newly identified genes. We have described their novel functions on the viral replication cycle, latency, and host immune evasion. Further, we have discussed HCMV-associated diseases and current therapeutic targets. Our review may provide a foundational basis for studies aiming to prevent and develop targeted therapies for HCMV-associated diseases.
人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是一种常见的疱疹病毒，其基因组长度为235±1.9千碱基对。然而，其许多基因的功能仍不清楚。HCMV与多种人类疾病密切相关，全球60-90%的人口都受到感染。它可感染多种人类细胞，包括成纤维细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和单核细胞。虽然HCMV感染通常无症状，仅引起轻微临床症状，但它可引发强烈的免疫反应，并在免疫功能低下的个体中建立潜伏感染，这些个体包括艾滋病患者、移植受者和发育中的胎儿。目前批准用于治疗HCMV相关疾病的抗病毒药物受到剂量限制毒性和耐药性出现的限制；然而，疫苗和免疫球蛋白尚不可用。在本综述中，我们总结了最近关于43个新鉴定基因的文献。我们描述了它们在病毒复制周期、潜伏和宿主免疫逃逸方面的新功能。此外，我们还讨论了HCMV相关疾病和当前的治疗靶点。我们的综述可能为旨在预防和开发针对HCMV相关疾病的靶向治疗的研究提供基础依据。
