Yang Yi, Zhang Yaozhi, Cápiro Natalie L, Yan Jun
Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 8;11:546063. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.546063. eCollection 2020.
() class microorganisms are frequently found in various pristine and contaminated environments. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) studies have substantially improved the understanding of microbial ecology and evolution; however, an updated thorough investigation on the genomic and evolutionary characteristics of microorganisms distributed in geographically distinct environments has not been implemented. In this study, we analyzed available genomic data to unravel evolutionary and metabolic traits. Based on the phylogeny of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from sixty-seven genomes, microorganisms can be categorized into three groups, the terrestrial cluster that contains all and strains, the marine cluster I, and the marine cluster II. These results reveal that a higher ratio of horizontally transferred genetic materials was found in the marine clusters compared to that of the terrestrial cluster. Pangenome analysis further suggests that microorganisms have evolved cluster-specific enzymes (e.g., dehalogenase in terrestrial , sulfite reductase in marine ) and biosynthesis capabilities (e.g., siroheme biosynthesis in marine ). Marine microorganisms are likely adapted to versatile metabolisms for energy conservation besides organohalide respiration. The genomic differences between marine and terrestrial may suggest distinct functions and roles in element cycling (e.g., carbon, sulfur, chlorine), which require interdisciplinary approaches to unravel the physiology and evolution of in various environments.
（某）类微生物经常在各种原始和受污染的环境中被发现。宏基因组组装基因组（MAGs）和单细胞扩增基因组（SAGs）研究极大地增进了我们对微生物生态学和进化的理解；然而，尚未对分布在地理上不同环境中的微生物的基因组和进化特征进行更新的全面调查。在本研究中，我们分析了可用的基因组数据以揭示进化和代谢特征。基于从67个基因组中检索到的16S rRNA基因的系统发育，微生物可分为三组，包含所有（某菌株）和（另一菌株）的陆地类群、海洋类群I和海洋类群II。这些结果表明，与陆地类群相比，在海洋类群中发现水平转移遗传物质的比例更高。泛基因组分析进一步表明，（某）微生物已经进化出类群特异性酶（例如陆地（某菌）中的脱卤酶、海洋（某菌）中的亚硫酸盐还原酶）和生物合成能力（例如海洋（某菌）中的 siroheme生物合成）。除了有机卤化物呼吸作用外，海洋（某）微生物可能还适应多种代谢以保存能量。海洋和陆地（某菌）之间的基因组差异可能表明它们在元素循环（例如碳、硫、氯）中具有不同的功能和作用，这需要跨学科方法来揭示（某菌）在各种环境中的生理学和进化。
