Münz Christian
Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 9;11:581419. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581419. eCollection 2020.
Mice with reconstituted human immune systems can mount cell-mediated immune responses against the human tumor viruses Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Primarily cytotoxic lymphocytes protect the vast majority of persistently infected carriers of these tumor viruses from the respective malignancies for life. Thus, EBV and KSHV infection can teach us how this potent immune control is induced, what phenotype and functions characterize the protective lymphocyte compartments and if similar immune responses could be induced by vaccination. This review will summarize similarities and differences between EBV and KSHV associated pathologies and their immune control in patients and mice with reconstituted human immune systems. Furthermore, it will high-light which aspects of the near perfect immune control can be modeled in the latter preclinical animal models and discuss their relevance for cancer immunology in general.
具有重建人类免疫系统的小鼠能够对人类肿瘤病毒——爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）和卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）产生细胞介导的免疫反应。主要是细胞毒性淋巴细胞终生保护这些肿瘤病毒的绝大多数持续感染携带者免受相应恶性肿瘤的侵害。因此，EBV和KSHV感染可以让我们了解这种强大的免疫控制是如何诱导的，保护性淋巴细胞亚群具有何种表型和功能，以及疫苗接种是否能够诱导类似的免疫反应。本综述将总结EBV和KSHV相关病理学及其在具有重建人类免疫系统的患者和小鼠中的免疫控制之间的异同。此外，还将强调在后者的临床前动物模型中可以模拟近乎完美的免疫控制的哪些方面，并讨论它们对一般癌症免疫学的相关性。
