Perlman Adam I, Abu Dabrh Abd Moain
Integrative Medicine and Health, General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.
Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.
Glob Adv Health Med. 2020 Sep 21;9:2164956120959274. doi: 10.1177/2164956120959274. eCollection 2020.
The past six decades have been marked by leaps and bounds in medical advances, while concurrently clinical outcomes and the quality of life continued to lag or decline. There is a need for more comprehensive approaches to delivering healthcare to patients that address illness and wellness within and outside healthcare settings. Mounting evidence shows that making sustainable changes in healthcare requires approaching patients'/individuals' care as a continuum-within and outside healthcare settings-while addressing their capacity (ie ability) and workload (ie demands) and incorporating their values and preferences. Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) has been proposed as a solution to create partnerships to empower individuals to take ownership, leadership, and accountability of their well-being, using nondirective, empathic, and mindful conversations that employ motivational-interviewing and evidence-based approaches. Insufficient clarity exists among healthcare professionals in understanding the definition, roles, and types of HWC. This primer summarizes HWC concepts and history and compares HWC types and its potential role in promoting, supporting, and improving the well-being, clinical outcomes, and quality of life of the pertinent stakeholders. This primer also highlights current and potential areas of application of HWC within different subpopulations and healthcare-related settings.
在过去的六十年里，医学进步取得了飞跃式发展，与此同时，临床治疗效果和生活质量却持续滞后或下降。需要采用更全面的方法为患者提供医疗服务，涵盖医疗环境内外的疾病防治和健康促进。越来越多的证据表明，要在医疗保健领域实现可持续变革，就需要将患者/个人的护理视为一个连续统一体——涵盖医疗环境内外——同时关注他们的能力（即自身能力）和工作量（即需求），并纳入他们的价值观和偏好。健康与 Wellness 指导（HWC）已被提议作为一种解决方案，通过建立伙伴关系，利用非指导性、共情性和正念性的对话，采用动机性访谈和循证方法，使个人能够对自己的健康负责、发挥主导作用并承担责任。医疗保健专业人员对 HWC 的定义、作用和类型的理解尚不够清晰。本入门指南总结了 HWC 的概念和历史，比较了 HWC 的类型及其在促进、支持和改善相关利益者的健康、临床治疗效果和生活质量方面的潜在作用。本入门指南还重点介绍了 HWC 在不同亚人群体和医疗相关环境中的当前及潜在应用领域。
