1 Division of Urology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
2 Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Urology, Male Reproduction & Microsurgery, New York, NY, USA.
Am J Mens Health. 2018 Nov;12(6):2183-2193. doi: 10.1177/1557988318799022. Epub 2018 Sep 15.
Men's poor health behaviors are an increasingly prevalent issue with long-term consequences. This study broadly samples Canadian men to obtain information regarding health behaviors as a predictor of downstream medical comorbidities. A survey of Canadian men included questions regarding demographics, comorbidities, and health behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption, sleep and exercise behaviors, and dietary habits). Health behaviors were classified as either healthy or unhealthy based upon previous studies and questionnaire thresholds. Multivariate regression was performed to determine predictors for medical comorbidities. The 2,000 participants were aged 19-94 (median 48, interquartile range 34-60). Approximately half (47.4%) were regular smokers, 38.7% overused alcohol, 53.9% reported unhealthy sleep, 48.9% had low levels of exercise, and 61.8% had unhealthy diets. On multivariate analysis, regular smoking predicted heart disease (OR 2.08, p < .01), elevated cholesterol (OR 1.35, p = .02), type 2 diabetes (OR 1.57, p = .02), osteoarthritis (OR 1.43, p = .04), and depression (OR 1.62, p < .01). Alcohol overuse predicted hypertension (OR 1.40, p < .01) and protected against type 2 diabetes (OR 0.61, p < .01). Unhealthy sleep predicted hypertension (OR 1.46, p < .01), erectile dysfunction (OR 1.50, p = .04), and depression (OR 1.87, p < .01). Low levels of exercise predicted hypertension (OR 1.30, p = .03) and elevated cholesterol (OR 1.27, p = .05). Finally, unhealthy diet predicted depression (OR 1.65, p < .01). This study confirms the association of poor health behaviors and comorbidities common to middle-aged and older men. The results emphasize the potential scope of targeted gender-sensitized public awareness campaigns and interventions to reduce common male disease, morbidity, and mortality.
男性不良健康行为是一个日益普遍且存在长期后果的问题。本研究广泛采样加拿大男性，以获取有关健康行为的信息，作为预测下游合并症的指标。对加拿大男性的调查包括人口统计学、合并症和健康行为（吸烟和饮酒、睡眠和运动行为以及饮食习惯）的问题。根据先前的研究和问卷阈值，将健康行为分为健康或不健康。采用多元回归确定合并症的预测因素。2000 名参与者的年龄为 19-94 岁（中位数 48 岁，四分位距 34-60 岁）。大约一半（47.4%）为经常吸烟者，38.7%过度饮酒，53.9%报告睡眠不健康，48.9%运动水平低，61.8%饮食不健康。在多变量分析中，经常吸烟预测心脏病（OR 2.08，p <.01）、胆固醇升高（OR 1.35，p =.02）、2 型糖尿病（OR 1.57，p =.02）、骨关节炎（OR 1.43，p =.04）和抑郁症（OR 1.62，p <.01）。过度饮酒预测高血压（OR 1.40，p <.01），并预防 2 型糖尿病（OR 0.61，p <.01）。睡眠不健康预测高血压（OR 1.46，p <.01）、勃起功能障碍（OR 1.50，p =.04）和抑郁症（OR 1.87，p <.01）。运动水平低预测高血压（OR 1.30，p =.03）和胆固醇升高（OR 1.27，p =.05）。最后，不健康饮食预测抑郁症（OR 1.65，p <.01）。本研究证实了不良健康行为与中年和老年男性常见合并症之间的关联。结果强调了针对男性的、有性别意识的公众宣传和干预措施的潜在范围，以减少常见的男性疾病、发病率和死亡率。
