District and Official Veterinarian, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Rådmansgatan 55, Kristinehamn, 681 34, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
Vet Dermatol. 2020 Dec;31(6):471-e126. doi: 10.1111/vde.12900. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
Equine sarcoids are the most prevalent skin neoplasm in horses worldwide. Although several treatments are available, none are consistently effective and recurrence is common.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream and Sanguinaria canadensis + zinc chloride for treatment of equine sarcoids and investigate possible systemic effects on distant untreated sarcoids.
ANIMALS/TUMOURS: Twenty-five client-owned horses with a total of 164 tumours were included in the study. Fifty-seven tumours were treated and 107 tumours were left untreated.
Skin biopsy samples were collected from a minimum of one tumour per horse and the rest were diagnosed based on clinical appearance as likely sarcoids. Imiquimod 5% (A) was applied three times weekly, while Sanguinaria canadensis + zinc chloride (X) was applied every fourth day after a six day daily initiation phase. Treatment continued until clinical remission or for a maximum of 45 weeks, with a long follow-up period (mean 34 months). Skin biopsy samples of sarcoid lesions were re-taken before treatment termination and at follow-up if the owner gave consent.
Complete remission was recorded in 84.4% (A) and 75.0% (X) of the tumours. Relapse was recorded in 7.3% (A) and 21.4% (X). Spontaneous remission was observed in 1.9% of untreated tumours. No systemic effect on untreated tumours was detected. During treatment varying degrees of local inflammatory reaction were common.
Both treatments were considered effective and safe. Smaller tumours responded more favourably to treatment. Relapse rate was low and not observed in sarcoids with repeat biopsies before treatment termination.
马的肉瘤是世界范围内最常见的皮肤肿瘤。尽管有几种治疗方法，但没有一种方法是始终有效的，而且复发很常见。
评估 5%咪喹莫特乳膏和加拿大菝葜+氯化锌局部治疗马的肉瘤的疗效和安全性，并研究对未治疗的远处肉瘤的可能全身影响。
动物/肿瘤：本研究共纳入 25 匹有 164 个肿瘤的患马。57 个肿瘤接受治疗，107 个肿瘤未接受治疗。
从每匹马的至少一个肿瘤中采集皮肤活检样本，其余的则根据临床外观诊断为可能的肉瘤。咪喹莫特 5%（A）每周应用 3 次，而加拿大菝葜+氯化锌（X）在 6 天每日起始阶段后每 4 天应用 1 次。治疗持续到临床缓解或最长 45 周，随访期长（平均 34 个月）。如果主人同意，在治疗结束前和随访时，对肉瘤病变的皮肤活检样本进行重新采集。
84.4%（A）和 75.0%（X）的肿瘤完全缓解。7.3%（A）和 21.4%（X）的肿瘤复发。未治疗的肿瘤中有 1.9%自发缓解。未发现对未治疗肿瘤的全身影响。在治疗过程中，常见不同程度的局部炎症反应。
两种治疗方法均被认为有效且安全。较小的肿瘤对治疗的反应更有利。复发率低，且在治疗前对重复活检的肉瘤中未观察到。
