Nielsen Søren Saxmose, Alvarez Julio, Bicout Dominique Joseph, Calistri Paolo, Depner Klaus, Drewe Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji Bruno, Rojas José Luis Gonzales, Schmidt Christian Gortázar, Michel Virginie, Chueca Miguel Ángel Miranda, Roberts Helen Clare, Sihvonen Liisa Helena, Stahl Karl, Calvo Antonio Velarde, Viltrop Arvo, Winckler Christoph, Bett Bernard, Cetre-Sossah Catherine, Chevalier Veronique, Devos Clazien, Gubbins Simon, Monaco Federica, Sotiria-Eleni Antoniou, Broglia Alessandro, Abrahantes José Cortiñas, Dhollander Sofie, Stede Yves Van Der, Zancanaro Gabriele
EFSA J. 2020 Mar 6;18(3):e06041. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6041. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5-15 years of inter-epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.g. Sahel), RVF epidemics occurred more frequently and low-level enzootic virus circulation has been demonstrated in livestock in various areas. Recent outbreaks in a French overseas department and some seropositive cases detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya raised the attention of the EU for a possible incursion into neighbouring countries. The movement of live animals is the most important pathway for RVF spread from the African endemic areas to North Africa and the Middle East. The movement of infected animals and infected vectors when shipped by flights, containers or road transport is considered as other plausible pathways of introduction into Europe. The overall risk of introduction of RVF into EU through the movement of infected animals is very low in all the EU regions and in all MSs (less than one epidemic every 500 years), given the strict EU animal import policy. The same level of risk of introduction in all the EU regions was estimated also considering the movement of infected vectors, with the highest level for Belgium, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands (one epidemic every 228-700 years), mainly linked to the number of connections by air and sea transports with African RVF infected countries. Although the EU territory does not seem to be directly exposed to an imminent risk of RVFV introduction, the risk of further spread into countries neighbouring the EU and the risks of possible introduction of infected vectors, suggest that EU authorities need to strengthen their surveillance and response capacities, as well as the collaboration with North African and Middle Eastern countries.
裂谷热（RVF）是一种由多种蚊子传播的媒介传播疾病，尤其是伊蚊属和库蚊属，可传染给动物（家养和野生反刍动物以及骆驼）和人类。裂谷热在撒哈拉以南非洲和阿拉伯半岛为地方病，流行周期为5至15年的动物间流行间歇期。在过去二十年中，在非洲新的地区（如萨赫勒）通报了裂谷热，裂谷热疫情更频繁发生，并且已证实在各个地区的牲畜中有低水平的动物病毒循环。最近在一个法国海外省爆发的疫情以及在土耳其、突尼斯和利比亚检测到的一些血清阳性病例引起了欧盟对该病可能传入邻国的关注。活动动物的移动是裂谷热从非洲流行地区传播到北非和中东的最重要途径。当通过航班、集装箱或公路运输运送时，感染动物和感染媒介的移动被视为传入欧洲的其他可能途径。鉴于欧盟严格的动物进口政策，在所有欧盟地区和所有成员国中，通过感染动物移动将裂谷热引入欧盟的总体风险非常低（每500年少于一次疫情）。考虑到感染媒介的移动，所有欧盟地区的引入风险水平相同，比利时、希腊、马耳他、荷兰的风险水平最高（每228至700年一次疫情），这主要与与非洲裂谷热感染国家的空中和海上运输连接数量有关。尽管欧盟领土似乎没有直接面临裂谷热病毒传入的紧迫风险，但该病进一步传播到欧盟邻国的风险以及可能引入感染媒介的风险表明，欧盟当局需要加强其监测和应对能力，以及与北非和中东国家的合作。
