HSRM Department, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024 Aug 29;18(8):e0012347. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012347. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a neglected vector-borne disease which is endemic in many countries across Africa and has seen recent geographical expansions into the Arabian Peninsula. RVF can cause severe infections in both animals and humans. RVF infections in livestock can lead to mass fatalities. In humans, the symptoms are nonspecific and can often lead to misdiagnosis. However, a small proportion progresses to haemorrhagic infection with a significantly higher mortality rate. The culmination of this can cause severe socioeconomic impacts. This review aims to identify the main socioeconomic impacts caused by RVF outbreaks as well as existing knowledge gaps. Ninety-three academic and grey papers were selected, covering 19 countries and 10 methodological approaches. A variety of socioeconomic impacts were found across all levels of society: Livestock trade disruptions consequently impacted local food security, local and national economies. Most livestock farmers in endemic countries are subsistence farmers and so rely on their livestock for sustenance and income. RVF outbreaks resulted in a variety of socioeconomic impacts, e.g., the inability to pay for school fees. Main barriers to vaccine uptake in communities were lack of access, funds, interest along with other social aspects. The occupational risks for women (and pregnant women) are largely unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first review on RVF to highlight the clear knowledge gap surrounding the potential gender differences on risks of RVF exposure, as well as differences on occupational health risk in pastoral communities. Further work is required to fill the gaps identified in this review and inform control policies.
裂谷热（RVF）是一种被忽视的媒介传播疾病，在非洲的许多国家流行，并在最近的地理扩张到阿拉伯半岛。裂谷热可导致动物和人类的严重感染。牲畜的裂谷热感染可导致大量死亡。在人类中，症状是非特异性的，往往会导致误诊。然而，一小部分进展为出血性感染，死亡率明显更高。这最终会导致严重的社会经济影响。本综述旨在确定裂谷热爆发造成的主要社会经济影响以及现有的知识差距。选择了 93 篇学术和灰色论文，涵盖了 19 个国家和 10 种方法。在社会的各个层面都发现了各种各样的社会经济影响：牲畜贸易的中断对当地粮食安全、当地和国家经济产生了影响。裂谷热流行的国家的大多数牲畜农民都是自给自足的农民，因此依靠他们的牲畜维持生计和收入。裂谷热爆发造成了各种社会经济影响，例如无法支付学费。社区中疫苗接种的主要障碍是缺乏获得疫苗的机会、资金、兴趣以及其他社会方面的因素。职业风险对妇女（和孕妇）的影响很大程度上是未知的。据我们所知，这是第一篇综述，强调了裂谷热暴露的潜在性别差异以及牧民社区职业健康风险差异方面的明显知识差距。需要进一步的工作来填补本综述中确定的空白，并为控制政策提供信息。
