Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Dec 12;12(1):583. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3837-5.
Understanding the dispersal dynamics of invasive mosquito species is fundamental to improve vector surveillance and to target control efforts. Aedes albopictus has been deemed a poor flyer as its range of active dispersal is generally assumed to be limited to a few hundred metres, while laboratory studies suggest this mosquito could actually fly several kilometres. The discrepancy may be due to differences in the local environment or to the methodological approach. In Switzerland, Ae. albopictus has been present since 2003 and has since then expanded its range. While passive dispersal is a key driver, it remains unclear how far this mosquito spreads through active flight and what the age structure and size of the local population are, all important parameters for vector surveillance and control.
We investigated the active dispersal, daily survival rate and population size of Ae. albopictus in mark-release-recapture studies in Coldrerio and Lugano, two areas of intensive control in Switzerland. To mark mosquitoes emerging from breeding sites, we used self-marking units with fluorescent pigment that have minimal impact on mosquito survival and behaviour. We recaptured the adult mosquitoes with BG-Sentinel traps within a radius of 1 km from the marking units over 22 consecutive days.
We found that 77.5% of the recaptured Ae. albopictus individuals flew further than 250 m, the limit that is usually deemed sufficient for vector containment. The average age of females and males was 8.6 days and 7.8 days in Coldrerio and Lugano, respectively, while the estimated mosquito population densities were 134 mosquitoes/ha in Coldrerio and 767 mosquitoes/ha in Lugano.
Self-marking units are an effective tool to mark wild mosquitoes. Using this approach, we found that mosquitoes survive long enough to potentially transmit arboviral disease in our study area and that host-seeking Ae. albopictus females may travel further than previously assumed for European mosquito populations. This finding has direct implications for vector control as emergency treatments around positive cases, as well as surveillance and control around detections of new infestations, might need to be extended beyond the usual recommended range of just a few hundred metres.
了解入侵蚊虫的扩散动态对于改善媒介监测和目标控制工作至关重要。白纹伊蚊被认为是飞行能力较差的物种，因为其主动扩散范围通常被认为局限于几百米，而实验室研究表明，这种蚊子实际上可以飞行数公里。这种差异可能是由于当地环境的差异或方法学方法的差异。在瑞士，白纹伊蚊自 2003 年以来一直存在，此后其分布范围不断扩大。虽然被动扩散是一个关键驱动因素，但尚不清楚这种蚊子通过主动飞行扩散多远，以及当地种群的年龄结构和大小如何，这些都是媒介监测和控制的重要参数。
我们在瑞士两个强化控制区（科德里奥和卢加诺）的标记-释放-捕获研究中调查了白纹伊蚊的主动扩散、日存活率和种群规模。为了标记从滋生地中出现的蚊子，我们使用带有荧光颜料的自我标记装置，这些装置对蚊子的生存和行为影响最小。在 22 天的时间里，我们在标记装置半径 1 公里范围内的 BG-Sentinel 陷阱中捕获了成年蚊子。
我们发现，77.5%的捕获的白纹伊蚊个体飞行距离超过 250 米，这一距离通常被认为足以控制媒介。在科德里奥和卢加诺，雌性和雄性的平均年龄分别为 8.6 天和 7.8 天，而估计的蚊子种群密度分别为每公顷 134 只和每公顷 767 只。
自我标记装置是标记野生蚊子的有效工具。使用这种方法，我们发现蚊子的存活时间足以在我们的研究区域传播虫媒病毒病，并且寻找宿主的白纹伊蚊雌性可能会比以前认为的欧洲蚊子种群更远地传播。这一发现对媒介控制具有直接影响，因为在出现阳性病例的周围，以及在新疫情检测的周围，紧急处理可能需要扩展到常规推荐的几百米范围之外。
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