Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA; email:
Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Oct 6;36:551-574. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-034148.
Innate and adaptive immune responses decline with age, leading to greater susceptibility to infectious diseases and reduced responses to vaccines. Diseases are more severe in old than in young individuals and have a greater impact on health outcomes such as morbidity, disability, and mortality. Aging is characterized by increased low-grade chronic inflammation, so-called inflammaging, that represents a link between changes in immune cells and a number of diseases and syndromes typical of old age. In this review we summarize current knowledge on age-associated changes in immune cells with special emphasis on B cells, which are more inflammatory and less responsive to infections and vaccines in the elderly. We highlight recent findings on factors and pathways contributing to inflammaging and how these lead to dysfunctional immune responses. We summarize recent published studies showing that adipose tissue, which increases in size with aging, contributes to inflammaging and dysregulated B cell function.
先天和适应性免疫反应随着年龄的增长而下降，导致更容易感染传染病和对疫苗的反应降低。老年人的疾病比年轻人更严重，对健康结果（如发病率、残疾和死亡率）的影响更大。衰老的特征是低度慢性炎症增加，即所谓的炎症衰老，它代表了免疫细胞变化与许多疾病和老年特有的综合征之间的联系。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与免疫细胞相关的与年龄相关的变化的最新知识，特别强调了 B 细胞，B 细胞在老年人中更具炎症性，对感染和疫苗的反应性更低。我们强调了导致炎症衰老和功能失调的免疫反应的因素和途径的最新发现。我们总结了最近发表的研究，表明随着年龄的增长而增大的脂肪组织有助于炎症衰老和 B 细胞功能失调。
