Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, Room 426, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Dole Human Development Center, Suite 3061, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America.
Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, Room 426, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Dole Human Development Center, Suite 3061, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America.
Eat Behav. 2020 Dec;39:101435. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101435. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
The college setting is considered an obesogenic environment due to high availability of palatable foods. However, only a minority of freshmen gain weight. Individual-level risk factors, such as impulsivity, may hold utility in predicting weight and adiposity changes. Individuals with an impulsive decision-making style may favor immediately rewarding foods at the expense of long-term health. Individuals who seek rewarding foods during strong emotions may also be at risk. The study tested decisional (delay-discounting; DD) and emotion-driven impulsivity (urgency) as risk factors for 1) weight and 2) body roundness change during freshman year.
Freshmen (N = 103) completed questionnaires assessing DD, positive urgency (PU), and negative urgency (NU). Weight and body roundness index (BRI) were collected at the beginning and end of the academic year. Four repeated measures regression models examined impulsivity factors predicting change in 1) weight and 2) BRI. Models included baseline weight and height or BRI, respectively. Covariates included average daily caloric intake, energy expenditure from walking, and sex.
In models examining weight, neither DD nor NU were significantly associated with weight at follow-up (b = 0.008, p = .977; b = 0.280, p = .075) when holding covariates constant. In contrast, PU was significantly associated with weight at follow-up (b = 0.303, p = .033). In models examining BRI, DD (b = -0.039, p = .511) and PU (b = 0.049, p = .072) were not associated with BRI at follow-up. In contrast, NU was significantly associated with BRI at follow-up (b = 0.068, p = .017).
Emotion-driven impulsivity may be a risk factor for weight gain or change in body roundness during freshman year.
由于可获得美味食物，高校环境被认为是导致肥胖的环境。然而，只有少数新生体重增加。个体层面的风险因素，如冲动，可能有助于预测体重和肥胖的变化。具有冲动决策风格的个体可能会偏爱即时奖励的食物，而牺牲长期健康。在强烈情绪下寻求奖励食物的个体也可能面临风险。本研究测试了决策（延迟折扣；DD）和情绪驱动的冲动（迫切）作为 freshman 年级期间 1）体重和 2）身体圆润度变化的风险因素。
新生（N=103）完成了评估 DD、积极迫切（PU）和消极迫切（NU）的问卷。在学年开始和结束时收集体重和身体圆润度指数（BRI）。四个重复测量回归模型检验了冲动因素对 1）体重和 2）BRI 的变化的预测。模型分别包括基线体重和身高或 BRI，协变量包括平均每日卡路里摄入量、步行消耗的能量以及性别。
在检查体重的模型中，DD 和 NU 与随访时的体重均无显著相关性（b=0.008，p=0.977；b=0.280，p=0.075），当保持协变量不变时。相比之下，PU 与随访时的体重显著相关（b=0.303，p=0.033）。在检查 BRI 的模型中，DD（b=-0.039，p=0.511）和 PU（b=0.049，p=0.072）与随访时的 BRI 无关。相比之下，NU 与随访时的 BRI 显著相关（b=0.068，p=0.017）。
情绪驱动的冲动可能是 freshman 年级体重增加或身体圆润度变化的风险因素。
