Ruggeri Jessica, Salogni Cristian, Giovannini Stefano, Vitale Nicoletta, Boniotti Maria Beatrice, Corradi Attilio, Pozzi Paolo, Pasquali Paolo, Alborali Giovanni Loris
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Sep 11;7:636. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00636. eCollection 2020.
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) is a multifactorial syndrome that causes health problems in growing pigs and economic losses to farmers. The etiological factors involved can be bacteria, viruses, or mycoplasmas. However, environmental stressors associated with farm management can influence the status of the animal's health. The role and impact of different microorganisms in the development of the disease can be complex, and these are not fully understood. The severity of lesions are a consequence of synergism and combination of different factors. The aim of this study was to systematically analyse samples, conferred to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (IZSLER, Brescia), with a standardized diagnostic protocol in case of suspected PRDC. During necropsy, the lungs and carcasses were analyzed to determine the severity and extension of lesions. Gross lung lesions were classified according to a pre-established scheme adapted from literature. Furthermore, pulmonary, pleural, and nasal lesions were scored to determine their severity and extension. Finally, the presence of infectious agents was investigated to identify the microorganisms involved in the cases studied. During the years 2014-2016, 1,658 samples of lungs and carcasses with PRDC from 863 farms were analyzed; among them 931 and 727 samples were from weaned piglets and fattening pigs, respectively. The most frequently observed lesions were characteristic of catarrhal bronchopneumonia, broncho-interstitial pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, and pleuritis. Some pathogens identified were correlated to specific lesions, whereas other pathogens to various lesions. These underline the need for the establishment of control and treatment programmes for individual farms.
猪呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）是一种多因素综合征，会给生长猪带来健康问题，并给养殖户造成经济损失。其中涉及的病因可能是细菌、病毒或支原体。然而，与养殖场管理相关的环境应激因素会影响动物的健康状况。不同微生物在疾病发展过程中的作用和影响可能很复杂，目前尚未完全了解。病变的严重程度是不同因素协同作用和综合影响的结果。本研究的目的是在疑似PRDC病例中，采用标准化诊断方案对提交给兽医诊断实验室（布雷西亚动物卫生与兽医实验研究所，IZSLER）的样本进行系统分析。尸检期间，对肺和尸体进行分析，以确定病变的严重程度和范围。根据从文献中改编的既定方案对肺部大体病变进行分类。此外，对肺部、胸膜和鼻腔病变进行评分，以确定其严重程度和范围。最后，调查感染因子的存在情况，以确定所研究病例中涉及的微生物。在2014年至2016年期间，对来自863个养殖场的1658份PRDC肺和尸体样本进行了分析；其中931份和727份样本分别来自断奶仔猪和育肥猪。最常观察到的病变是卡他性支气管肺炎、支气管间质性肺炎、胸膜肺炎和胸膜炎的特征性病变。鉴定出的一些病原体与特定病变相关，而其他病原体与各种病变相关。这些都强调了为各个养殖场制定控制和治疗方案的必要性。
