Gickel Julia, Hartung Clara Berenike, Abd El-Wahab Amr, Hankel Julia, Visscher Christian
Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bakum, Germany.
Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 18;11:1487742. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1487742. eCollection 2024.
In all sectors of the economy, including livestock production, there is an increasing focus on sustainability criteria. The carbon footprint is therefore an important target value in pig production. The aim is to minimize this value. Infectious diseases may affect the performance negatively, potentially leading to a higher carbon footprint. Therefore, vaccinations may be a useful tool to ensure a high level of sustainability in pork production.
The aim of this evaluation was to assess the impact of vaccinations against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), (), both PCV2 and , and (LI) in epidemic situations in Europe on performance parameters using results from former publications on these diseases. These parameters were then used to calculate the carbon footprint of the pigs using life cycle assessment (LCA). The data collection with PubMed was based on the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, from which, however, some deviations were made. In total, 14 trials on PCV2, 10 trials on , 14 trials on and PCV2, and 17 trials on LI fulfilled the criteria and were included in this evaluation. In general, review articles and studies published before 1990 were excluded as were studies with incomplete data concerning the performance parameters and studies from non-European countries if the published body weights, genetics used, or other details in the experimental setup suggested they were not comparable to European standards.
The mean carbon footprint was up to 12.1% (PCV2), 2.5% (), 9.3% (PCV2 and ), or 3.5% (LI) lower following a vaccination.
This evaluation clearly shows that healthy animals can achieve a reduced carbon footprint through better performance with lower resource consumption, which is extremely important for sustainable animal husbandry. The use of health preserving measures such as vaccination can be a useful and important tool for reaching this goal.
在包括畜牧生产在内的所有经济领域，对可持续发展标准的关注日益增加。因此，碳足迹是生猪生产中的一个重要目标值。目标是将该值降至最低。传染病可能会对生产性能产生负面影响，从而可能导致更高的碳足迹。因此，疫苗接种可能是确保猪肉生产高度可持续性的有用工具。
本评估的目的是利用以前关于这些疾病的出版物结果，评估欧洲流行情况下针对猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、 、PCV2和 以及李氏杆菌病（LI）的疫苗接种对生产性能参数的影响。然后使用这些参数通过生命周期评估（LCA）计算猪的碳足迹。在PubMed上的数据收集基于系统评价和荟萃分析的PRISMA指南，但存在一些偏差。总共有14项关于PCV2的试验、10项关于 的试验、14项关于PCV2和 的试验以及17项关于LI的试验符合标准并纳入本评估。一般来说，1990年以前发表的综述文章和研究被排除，以及那些关于生产性能参数数据不完整的研究，还有来自非欧洲国家的研究，如果发表的体重、所用遗传学或实验设置中的其他细节表明它们与欧洲标准不可比。
接种疫苗后，平均碳足迹分别降低了高达12.1%（PCV2）、2.5%（ ）、9.3%（PCV2和 ）或3.5%（LI）。
本评估清楚地表明，健康的动物可以通过更好的生产性能和更低的资源消耗来减少碳足迹，这对可持续畜牧业极为重要。使用诸如疫苗接种等保健措施可以是实现这一目标的有用且重要的工具。
