Petersen Kristina S, Sullivan Valerie K, Fulgoni Victor L, Eren Fulya, Cassens Martha E, Bunczek Michael T, Kris-Etherton Penny M
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Nutrition Impact, LLC, Battle Creek, MI, USA.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2020 Sep 28;4(10):nzaa149. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa149. eCollection 2020 Oct.
The increased use of high-oleic oils to replace fat has led to concern about declining intake of PUFA and the potential for essential fatty acid insufficiency or even deficiency.
The aim of this study was to examine circulating concentrations of essential and poorly biosynthesized fatty acids, as biomarkers of dietary intake, in the NHANES data sets prior to (2003-2004 cycle) and following (2011-2012 cycle) legislation to reduce fat in the food supply and also to explore the associations between these fatty acids and markers of cardiometabolic health.
Fasting circulating concentrations of fatty acids from adults (aged ≥20 y) in the 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 NHANES cycles were used for analysis. Dietary data from one day of both the 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 cycles were used to examine differences in dietary fatty acid intake between these cycles. Regression analyses were used to assess relations between circulating concentrations of fatty acids and cardiometabolic health.
Between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, circulating concentrations of linoleic acid (LA) increased (1.38%, = 0.002); no difference in dietary intake was observed. α-Linolenic acid (ALA), measured by dietary intake (0.14 g, < 0.001) and circulating concentrations (0.23%, < 0.01), increased from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012. Circulating LA was inversely associated with BMI (in kg/m; regression coefficient per percentage point change in LA ± SE: -0.22 ± 0.04), waist circumference (-0.62 ± 0.09 cm), systolic blood pressure (-0.38 ± 0.09 mm Hg), triglycerides (-9.92 ± 0.63 mg/dL), glucose (-3.34 ± 0.13 mg/dL), insulin (-0.18 ± 0.05 µU/mL), and HOMA-IR (-0.29 ± 0.05).
In a nationally representative sample of US adults, no declines in circulating concentrations of essential fatty acids, LA and ALA, were observed between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, a time when high-oleic oils were increasingly used in the food supply. Higher amounts of circulating LA were correlated with lower risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction, which underscores the importance of monitoring consumption in the United States.
高油酸油脂使用量增加以替代脂肪，这引发了人们对多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量下降以及必需脂肪酸不足甚至缺乏可能性的担忧。
本研究的目的是在食品供应中减少脂肪的立法之前（2003 - 2004年周期）和之后（2011 - 2012年周期），检查美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据集中作为膳食摄入生物标志物的必需脂肪酸和生物合成能力差的脂肪酸的循环浓度，并探讨这些脂肪酸与心脏代谢健康标志物之间的关联。
使用2003 - 2004年和2011 - 2012年NHANES周期中成年人（年龄≥20岁）的空腹脂肪酸循环浓度进行分析。使用2003 - 2004年和2011 - 2012年周期中一天的膳食数据来检查这些周期之间膳食脂肪酸摄入量的差异。回归分析用于评估脂肪酸循环浓度与心脏代谢健康之间的关系。
在2003 - 2004年至2011 - 2012年期间，亚油酸（LA）的循环浓度增加（1.38%，P = 0.002）；未观察到膳食摄入量有差异。通过膳食摄入量（0.14克，P < 0.001）和循环浓度（0.23%，P < 0.01）测量的α - 亚麻酸（ALA）从2003 - 2004年到2011 - 2012年有所增加。循环LA与体重指数（以kg/m²计；LA每变化一个百分点的回归系数±标准误：-0.22±0.04）、腰围（-0.62±0.09厘米）、收缩压（-0.38±0.09毫米汞柱）、甘油三酯（-9.92±0.63毫克/分升）、血糖（-3.34±0.13毫克/分升）、胰岛素（-0.18±0.05微单位/毫升）和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA - IR）（-0.29±0.05）呈负相关。
在具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本中，2003 - 2004年至2011 - 2012年期间未观察到必需脂肪酸LA和ALA的循环浓度下降，这一时期食品供应中高油酸油脂的使用日益增加。循环LA含量较高与心脏代谢功能障碍风险较低相关，这凸显了在美国监测其摄入量的重要性。
