Sauvaitre Thomas, Etienne-Mesmin Lucie, Sivignon Adeline, Mosoni Pascale, Courtin Christophe M, Van de Wiele Tom, Blanquet-Diot Stéphanie
Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021 Mar 16;45(2). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052.
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
人类肠道中栖息着大量参与多种生理过程的微生物，它们统称为肠道微生物群。微生物群的破坏与不良健康后果相关，尤其可能促进肠道感染的发生。为了在人类消化道内维持生长和存续，肠道微生物和肠道病原体依赖于两个主要的多糖区室，即膳食纤维和黏液碳水化合物。多项证据表明，肠道微生物群、膳食纤维和黏液层之间的三方关系可能揭示肠道病原体在人类消化道定殖并最终导致感染的能力。本文综述首先阐述膳食纤维和黏液碳水化合物在结构与功能上的异同。接下来，我们概述这两种成分在健康和疾病情况下与第三个伙伴（即肠道微生物群）的相互作用。然后，本文综述将深入探讨通过膳食纤维干预预防肠道感染的相关性，重点关注肠道微生物失衡和黏液完整性受损。面对研究微生物群-病原体-膳食纤维-黏液相互作用的众多挑战，我们最后描述了目前可用的人类肠道体外模型的特点和潜力。
