Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP, Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 Apr;40(4):691-697. doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-04056-7. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
Anecdotal evidence rapidly accumulated during March 2020 from sites around the world that sudden hyposmia and hypogeusia are significant symptoms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of hyposmia and hypogeusia and compare it in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients to evaluate an association of these symptoms with disease severity. We performed a cross-sectional survey during 5 consecutive days in March 2020, within a tertiary referral center, associated outpatient clinic, and two primary care outpatient facilities in Paris. All SARS-CoV-2-positive patients hospitalized during the study period and able to be interviewed (n = 198), hospital outpatients seen during the previous month (n = 129), and all COVID-19-highly suspect patients in two primary health centers (n = 63) were included. Hospitalized patients were significantly more often male (64 vs 40%) and older (66 vs 43 years old in median) and had significantly more comorbidities than outpatients. Hyposmia and hypogeusia were reported by 33% of patients and occurred significantly less frequently in hospitalized patients (12% and 13%, respectively) than in the health centers' outpatients (33% and 43%, respectively) and in the hospital outpatients (65% and 60%, respectively). Hyposmia and hypogeusia appeared more frequently after other COVID-19 symptoms. Patients with hyposmia and/or hypogeusia were significantly younger and had significantly less respiratory severity criteria than patients without these symptoms. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction occurs frequently in COVID-19, especially in young, non-severe patients. These symptoms might be a useful tool for initial diagnostic work-up in patients with suspected COVID-19.
2020 年 3 月，世界各地的多个地点迅速积累了一些轶事证据，表明嗅觉和味觉减退是与 SARS-CoV-2 大流行相关的重要症状。我们的目的是描述嗅觉和味觉减退的发生率，并比较其在住院和非住院 COVID-19 患者中的差异，以评估这些症状与疾病严重程度的关系。我们在 2020 年 3 月的连续 5 天内进行了一项横断面调查，地点在巴黎的一家三级转诊中心、一家附属门诊诊所和两家初级保健门诊机构。研究期间所有住院的 SARS-CoV-2 阳性患者（n=198）、前一个月就诊的门诊患者（n=129）以及两家初级保健中心的所有 COVID-19 高度疑似患者（n=63）都被纳入研究。住院患者明显更常为男性（64%比 40%）和年龄较大（中位数年龄分别为 66 岁和 43 岁），且合并症明显多于门诊患者。33%的患者报告出现嗅觉和味觉减退，住院患者的嗅觉和味觉减退发生率明显低于门诊患者（分别为 12%和 13%）和保健中心门诊患者（分别为 33%和 43%），也低于门诊患者（分别为 65%和 60%）。嗅觉和味觉减退在其他 COVID-19 症状之后更常出现。有嗅觉和（或）味觉减退的患者明显比没有这些症状的患者更年轻，呼吸严重程度标准也明显较低。嗅觉和味觉障碍在 COVID-19 中很常见，尤其是在年轻、非重症患者中。这些症状可能是 COVID-19 疑似患者初始诊断的有用工具。
