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门诊肛肠手术后阿片类药物的过度处方:单机构研究。

Overprescription of Opioids Following Outpatient Anorectal Surgery: A Single-Institution Study.

机构信息

Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2020 Nov;63(11):1541-1549. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001742.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001742
PMID:33044295
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8976441/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Surgeons contribute to the opioid epidemic by overprescribing opioids for postoperative pain. Excess, unused opioids may be diverted for misuse/abuse.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to characterize opioid prescribing and use among patients undergoing outpatient anorectal procedures and to assess the adequacy of postoperative pain management.

DESIGN

This is a retrospective cohort study, prospective cross-sectional survey.

SETTINGS

Patients were treated by colorectal surgeons in an academic medical center between January 2018 and September 2019.

PATIENTS

Six hundred twenty-seven patients undergoing an outpatient anorectal procedure were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The primary outcomes measured were the opioids prescribed at discharge, opioid prescription refills, patient-reported outcomes regarding opioid use, and the adequacy of postoperative pain management in terms of pain intensity and pain interference. Opioids were standardized to 5-mg oxycodone pills. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed by using previously validated instruments.

RESULTS

The majority of patients underwent fistula surgery (n = 234) followed by examination under anesthesia (n = 183), hemorrhoidectomy (n = 131), incision and drainage (n = 51), and pilonidal excision (n = 28). Most patients received opioids (78% fistula, 49% examination under anesthesia, 87% hemorrhoidectomy, 71% incision and drainage, 96% pilonidal). Patients undergoing examination under anesthesia received the fewest opioid pills (median 10; range 3-50) followed by patients undergoing fistula surgery (median13, range 1-50), incision and drainage (median 15, range 3-120), pilonidal excisions (median 15, range 3-60), and hemorrhoidectomies (median 28, range 3-60). Regardless of procedure, the majority of patients used fewer than 5 opioid pills postoperatively. Patients undergoing pilonidal excisions had the largest number of excess unused pills (median 14, range 0-30) followed by patients undergoing fistula surgery and incision and drainage (median 7, ranges 0-30 and 5-17), hemorrhoidectomy (median 6, range 0-50), and examination under anesthesia (median 2, range 0-23). Whereas patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy reported higher pain levels following discharge, most reported minimal interference with day-to-day activities due to pain regardless of the procedure performed.

LIMITATIONS

The limitations of this study included recall bias and sample bias.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of patients do not need more than five to ten 5-mg oxycodone equivalents to achieve adequate pain management after outpatient anorectal surgical procedures. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B347. EXCESO DE PRESCRIPCIÓN DE OPIOIDES DESPUÉS DE UNA CIRUGÍA ANORRECTAL AMBULATORIA: UN ESTUDIO DE UNA SOLA INSTITUCIÓN: Cirujanos contribuyen a la epidemia de opioides al recetar en exceso opioides para el dolor postoperatorio. El exceso de opioides no utilizados puede ser desviado por para mal uso o abuso.Caracterizar la prescripción y el uso de opioides entre pacientes sometidos a procedimientos anorrectales ambulatorios y evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, encuesta transversal prospectiva.pacientes tratados por cirujanos colorrectales en un centro médico académico entre enero de 2018 y septiembre de 2019.se incluyeron 627 pacientes que se sometieron a un procedimiento anorrectal ambulatorio.Opioides recetados al alta, reabastecimientos de prescripción de opioides, resultados informados por el paciente con respecto al uso de opioides y efectividad del manejo del dolor postoperatorio en términos de intensidad del dolor y trastornos secundarios a dolor. Los opioides se estandarizaron con píldoras de oxicodona de 5 mg. Los resultados informados por los pacientes se evaluaron utilizando instrumentos previamente validados.La mayoría de los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía de fístula (n = 234) seguida de un examen bajo anestesia (EUA; n = 183), hemorroidectomía (n = 131), incisión y drenaje (I&D) (n = 51) y escisión pilonidal (n = 28). La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron opioides (78% fístula, 49% EUA, 87% hemorroidectomía, 71% I&D, 96% pilonidal). Las EUA recibieron la menor cantidad de píldoras opioides (mediana 10, rango 3-50) seguidas de fístula (mediana 13, rango 1-50), I y D (mediana 15, rango 3-120), pilonidales (mediana 15, rango 3-60) y hemorroides. (mediana 28, rango 3-60). Independientemente del procedimiento, la mayoría de los pacientes usaron menos de cinco píldoras opioides después de la operación. Los pacientes pilonidales tuvieron el mayor número de píldoras no utilizadas en exceso (mediana 14, rango 0-30) seguido de fístula e I&D (mediana 7, rangos 0-30 y 5-17, respectivamente), hemorroidectomía (mediana 6, rango 0-50) y EUA (mediana 2, rango 0-23). Si bien los pacientes con hemorroidectomía informaron niveles de dolor más altos después del alta, la mayoría de pacientes informaron un mínimo de interferencia con las actividades diarias debido al dolor, independientemente del procedimiento realizado.Sesgo de recuerdo autoinformado, sesgo de muestra.La mayoría de los pacientes no necesitan más de cinco a diez equivalentes de oxicodona de 5 mg para lograr un manejo adecuado del dolor después de procedimientos quirúrgicos anorrectales ambulatorios. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B347. (Traducción-Dr. Adrian Ortega).

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/23f7e47dbff0/nihms-1617212-f0004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/8fe71a44201f/nihms-1617212-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/3d258373acd9/nihms-1617212-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/3af3457b3140/nihms-1617212-f0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/23f7e47dbff0/nihms-1617212-f0004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/8fe71a44201f/nihms-1617212-f0001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/3d258373acd9/nihms-1617212-f0002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/3af3457b3140/nihms-1617212-f0003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/45df/8976441/23f7e47dbff0/nihms-1617212-f0004.jpg
摘要

背景

外科医生通过开出过多的阿片类药物来治疗术后疼痛,从而导致阿片类药物的流行。多余的、未使用的阿片类药物可能会被滥用。

目的

本研究旨在描述接受门诊肛肠手术的患者的阿片类药物使用情况,并评估术后疼痛管理的充分性。

设计

这是一项回顾性队列研究,前瞻性横断面调查。

地点

患者在 2018 年 1 月至 2019 年 9 月期间由肛肠外科医生在学术医疗中心治疗。

患者

纳入 627 例接受门诊肛肠手术的患者。

主要结局指标

主要结局指标为出院时开具的阿片类药物、阿片类药物处方的补充、患者对阿片类药物使用的报告结果以及疼痛强度和疼痛干扰方面的术后疼痛管理的充分性。阿片类药物标准化为 5 毫克羟考酮丸。使用以前验证过的工具评估患者报告的结果。

结果

大多数患者接受了瘘管手术(n=234),其次是麻醉下检查(n=183)、痔切除术(n=131)、切开引流术(n=51)和皮瓣切除术(n=28)。大多数患者接受了阿片类药物(瘘管 78%,麻醉下检查 49%,痔切除术 87%,切开引流术 71%,皮瓣切除术 96%)。接受麻醉下检查的患者接受的阿片类药物药丸最少(中位数 10;范围 3-50),其次是瘘管手术患者(中位数 13,范围 1-50)、切开引流术患者(中位数 15,范围 3-120)、皮瓣切除术患者(中位数 15,范围 3-60)和痔切除术患者(中位数 28,范围 3-60)。无论手术如何,大多数患者术后使用的阿片类药物少于 5 片。皮瓣切除术患者的多余未使用药丸数量最多(中位数 14,范围 0-30),其次是瘘管手术和切开引流术患者(中位数 7,范围 0-30 和 5-17),痔切除术患者(中位数 6,范围 0-50)和麻醉下检查患者(中位数 2,范围 0-23)。虽然痔切除术患者出院后报告的疼痛水平较高,但大多数患者报告说,由于疼痛而导致的日常活动干扰极小,无论手术方式如何。

局限性

本研究的局限性包括回忆偏倚和样本偏倚。

结论

大多数患者不需要 5 到 10 毫克 5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂即可达到适当的术后疼痛管理。请观看视频摘要,网址为:http://links.lww.com/DCR/B347。

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Older, Male Orthopaedic Surgeons From Southern Geographies Prescribe Higher Doses of Post-Operative Narcotics Than do their Counterparts: A Medicare Population Study.来自南方地区的老年男性骨科医生比同行开出更高剂量的术后麻醉药:一项医疗保险人群研究。
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术后阿片类药物处方干预措施的系统评价。
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