Tulving E
Hum Neurobiol. 1987;6(2):67-80.
This Introduction to the Special Issue on Human Memory discusses some of the recent and current developments in the study of human memory from the neuropsychological perspective. A problem of considerable current interest, that of multiple memory systems, is a problem in classification. Much of the evidence for it is derived from clinical and experimental observations of dissociations between performances in memory tasks. The distinction between short-term and long-term memory is considered as an example of classification by dissociation. Current conceptualizations of multiple long-term memory systems are reviewed from the vantage point that distinguishes among three major kinds of memory--episodic, semantic, and procedural. These systems are briefly described and compared, and current views concerning the relation between them are discussed. The role of consciousness in memory is raised against the backdrop of the suggestion that it may be necessary to differentiate among several kinds of consciousness.
本期关于人类记忆的特刊引言从神经心理学角度探讨了人类记忆研究中的一些最新及当前进展。当前备受关注的一个问题，即多重记忆系统问题，是一个分类问题。其许多证据源自对记忆任务表现之间分离现象的临床和实验观察。短期记忆和长期记忆之间的区别被视为通过分离进行分类的一个例子。从区分三种主要记忆——情景记忆、语义记忆和程序记忆的有利视角，回顾了当前对多重长期记忆系统的概念化。简要描述并比较了这些系统，并讨论了当前关于它们之间关系的观点。在可能有必要区分几种意识的建议背景下，提出了意识在记忆中的作用问题。
