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南非和乌干达老年人的日常活动、健康和生活质量的自我报告:一项横断面研究。

Self-reported activities of daily living, health and quality of life among older adults in South Africa and Uganda: a cross sectional study.

机构信息

School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.

The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

出版信息

BMC Geriatr. 2020 Oct 14;20(1):402. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01809-z.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Difficulties in performing the activities of daily living (ADL) are common among middle-aged and older adults. Inability to perform the basic tasks as well as increased healthcare expenditure and dependence on care can have debilitating effects on health and quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL), health and quality of life among community-dwelling, older population in South Africa and Uganda.

METHODS

We analyzed cross-sectional data on 1495 men and women from South Africa (n = 514) and Uganda (n = 981) which were extracted from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study (WOPS 2011-13). Outcome variables were self-reported health and quality of life (QoL). Difficulty in ADL was assessed by self-reported answers on 12 different questions covering various physical and cognitive aspects. The association between self-reported health and quality of life with ADL difficulties was calculated by using multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Overall percentage of good health and good quality of life was 40.4% and 20%, respectively. The percentage of respondents who had 1-3, 3-6, > 6 ADL difficulties were 42.4%7, 30.97% and 14.85%, respectively. In South Africa, having > 6 ADL difficulties was associated with lower odds of good health among men [Odds ratio = 0.331, 95%CI = 0.245,0.448] and quality of life among men [Odds ratio = 0.609, 95%CI = 0.424,0.874] and women [Odds ratio = 0.129, 95%CI = 0.0697,0.240]. In Uganda, having > 6 ADL difficulties was associated lower odds of good health [Odds ratio = 0.364, 95%CI = 0.159,0.835] and quality of life [Odds ratio = 0.584, 95%CI = 0.357,0.954].

CONCLUSION

This study concludes that difficulty in ADL has a significant negative association with health and quality of life among community-dwelling older population (> 50 years) in South Africa and Uganda. The sex differences support previous findings on differential health outcomes among men and women, and underline the importance of designing sex-specific health intervention programs.

摘要

背景

日常生活活动(ADL)困难在中年和老年人中很常见。无法执行基本任务以及增加医疗保健支出和依赖护理会对健康和生活质量产生衰弱影响。本研究的目的是检验南非和乌干达社区居住的老年人群体中自我报告的日常生活活动(ADL)困难、健康和生活质量之间的关系。

方法

我们分析了来自南非(n=514)和乌干达(n=981)的 1495 名男性和女性的横断面数据,这些数据是从 SAGE 老年人幸福感研究(WOPS 2011-13)中提取的。结果变量是自我报告的健康和生活质量(QoL)。ADL 困难程度通过自我报告的 12 个不同问题的答案来评估,这些问题涵盖了各种身体和认知方面。通过使用多变量逻辑回归模型,计算了自我报告的健康和生活质量与 ADL 困难之间的关联。

结果

总体健康状况良好和生活质量良好的百分比分别为 40.4%和 20%。有 1-3、3-6、>6 项 ADL 困难的受访者百分比分别为 42.4%、30.97%和 14.85%。在南非,男性中存在>6 项 ADL 困难与较低的健康良好几率相关[比值比=0.331,95%置信区间=0.245,0.448],男性和女性的生活质量也较低[比值比=0.609,95%置信区间=0.424,0.874]。在乌干达,>6 项 ADL 困难与较低的健康良好几率相关[比值比=0.364,95%置信区间=0.159,0.835]和生活质量[比值比=0.584,95%置信区间=0.357,0.954]。

结论

本研究得出结论,ADL 困难与南非和乌干达社区居住的老年人群体(>50 岁)的健康和生活质量之间存在显著的负相关。性别差异支持了男性和女性之间健康结果存在差异的先前发现,并强调了设计针对特定性别的健康干预计划的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aa7d/7557065/18c22ca1b097/12877_2020_1809_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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